Table 4.
Studies on the use of probiotics and microbiota outcomes
| Reference | Type of probiotic | Sample size (n) | Sample time | Outcomes in microbiota samples of PTIsa exposed to probiotics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probiotics | Non-probiotics | Higher abundance |
Lower abundance |
Other findings | |||
| Esaiassen, et al. (2018) | Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | 31 | 45 | Day 7 | Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus | - | - |
| Horigome, et al. (2021) | Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V | 12 | 10 | 2–9 weeks after hospital discharge | Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V, Bifidobacterium | Proteobacteria | - |
| Millar, et al. (2017) | Bifidobacterium breve strain BBG-001 | 40 | 48 | 36 weeks post-menstrual age | - | - | No difference in the microbial richness and diversity |
| Nguyen, et al. (2021) | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 | 31 | 46 | Throughout hospital stay | Enterobacteriaceae and/or Staphylococcaceae | - | Total Bifidobacteriaceae developed rapidly |
| Plummer, et al. (2018) | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BB-02, Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 | 38 | 28 | During probiotic administration | Bifidobacterium | Enterococcus | - |
| Martí, et al. (2021) | Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17,938 | 54 | 54 | During first week | - | Staphylococcacea; Enterobacteriaceae | - |
| 1–36 weeks PMA | L. reuteri DSM 17,938 | - | - | ||||
| During first month | - | - | Significantly higher bacterial richness, diversity, and evenness | ||||
| 2 years | - | - | No significant differences in the gut microbiota | ||||
| Abdulkadir, et al. (2016) | Lactobacillus acidophilus-NCIMB701748, Bifidobacterium bifidum-ATCC15696 | 7 | 3 | During probiotic administration | Lactobacillus spp. (highest abundance); Bifidobacterium | - | Significantly lower Shannon diversity |
| After probiotic administration |
Lactobacillus spp. (highest abundance) |
- | - | ||||
aPTIs, preterm infants; PMA, postmenstrual age