Table 2. Benzene Emission Rates per Stove Type (μg C6H6 min–1)a.
| median | lower bound | upper bound | mean | lower bound | upper bound | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| propane ovens at 350 °F | 3.89 | 0.40 | 12.5 | 6.46 | 2.05 | 12.5 |
| propane burners on high | 1.91 | 0.14 | 7.08 | 5.48 | 1.20 | 11.0 |
| gas ovens at 350 °F | 1.91 | 1.33 | 3.76 | 5.82 | 3.26 | 9.70 |
| gas burners on high | 1.34 | 0.94 | 2.01 | 2.78 | 1.65 | 4.55 |
| propane burners on low | 0.47 | 0.18 | 1.02 | 3.98 | 0.28 | 11.0 |
| coils and radiant on high | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.44 |
| gas burners on low | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.73 |
| electric ovens at 350 °F | 0.11 | –0.02 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.52 |
| induction hobs on high | 0.04 | –0.06 | 0.17 | 0.01 | –0.13 | 0.12 |
| coils and radiant on low | 0.00 | –0.10 | 0.08 | 0.01 | –0.05 | 0.09 |
| induction hobs on low | –0.02 | –0.16 | 0.11 | –0.02 | –0.23 | 0.23 |
a
Median and 95% confidence interval from 2.5 to 97.5%; mean and 95% confidence interval from 2.5 to 97.5%, calculated with a 25,000 replicate bootstrap (see methods). Mean benzene emission rates for induction hobs on low and high as well as electric coils and radiant hobs on low were statistically indistinguishable from zero.