Table 1.
Demographical and clinical characteristics of 30 youth with PBD, 30 BD-OFF and 40 HC.
|
PBD
(N = 30) |
BD-OFF
(N = 30) |
HC
(N = 40) |
F or χ2 | df | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 12.14 ± 3.428 | 11.19 ± 3.020 | 12.91 ± 2.776 | 2.71 | 2 | .07 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 14 (46.7) | 15 (50.0) | 18 (45.0) | .17 | 2 | .92 | ||
| Employed, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 23 (54.8) | 21 (61.8) | 2.31 | 2 | .32 | ||
| Race | ||||||||
| Asian, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.5) | 11.24 | 2 | .08 | ||
| African-American, n (%) | 3 (10.0) | 9 (30.0) | 9 (22.5) | - | - | - | ||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 25 (83.3) | 16 (53.3) | 23(57.5) | - | - | - | ||
| Mixed/Other, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (12.5) | - | - | - | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic, n (%) | 6 (20.0) | 12 (40.0) | 10 (25.0) | 3.27 | 2 | .20 | ||
| I.Q., mean ± SD | 97.50 ± 16.660 | 95.13 ± 13.019 | 100.67 ± 11.902 | 1.42 | 2 | .25 | ||
| Clinical Charachteristics | ||||||||
| Year ill (y), mean ± SD | 8.21 ± 5.395 | - | - | - | - | |||
| CDRS-R, mean ± (SD) | 34.13 ± 13.400 | 22.90 ± 7.039 | 17.82 ± 1.852 | 33.18 | 2 | < .01 | ||
| YMRS, mean ± (SD) | 12.83 ± 10.926 | 3.10 ± 3.595 | .88 ± 1.620 | 32.36 | 2 | < .01 | ||
| PBD Type | ||||||||
| Type 1, n (%) | 18 (60.0) | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Type 2, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Not otherwise specified, n (%) | 10 (33.3) | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||||
| None, n (%) | 11 (36.7) | 21 (70) | - | 10.79 | 1 | .21 | ||
| ADHD, n (%) | 11 (36.7) | 6 (20) | - | - | - | - | ||
| OCD, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0) | - | - | - | - | ||
| CD, n (%) | 3 (10.0) | 1 (3.3) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Anxiety disorder, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (6.7) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Current Pharmacotherapy, n (%) | ||||||||
| AD, n (%) | 14 (46.7) | 2 (6.7) | - | 15.56 | 1 | <.01 | ||
| AP, n (%) | 15 (50.0) | 4 (13.3) | - | 7.94 | 1 | <.01 | ||
| MS, n (%) | 12 (40.0) | 3 (10.0) | - | 7.20 | 1 | <.01 | ||
| Stimulant, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 6 (20.0) | - | 1.0 | 1 | .75 | ||
| BDZ, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) | - | .22 | 1 | .74 | ||
Note: Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are indicated in bold. Abbreviations: PBD, youth with pediatric bipolar disorder; BD-OFF, offspring of subject with bipolar disorder; HC, healthycontrols. CDRS, Children’s Depression Rating Scale. YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; CD, conduct disorder. AD, antidepressant; AP, antipsychotic; MS, mood stabilizer; BDZ, benzodiazepine. Df, degrees of freedom; SD, standard deviation.