Table 2.
CANTAB performances of 30 youth with PBD, 30 BD-OFF and 40 HC. Age, gender, IQ were used as covariates.
| Test |
PBD
(N = 30) |
BD-OFF
(N = 30) |
HC
(N = 40) |
f |
Ancova
df |
p | Post-hoc | ||||||
|
HC vs.
PBD |
HC vs. BD-OFF | PBD vs. BD-OFF | |||||||||||
| p | d | p | d | p | d | ||||||||
| AGN | |||||||||||||
| RT-positive (sec.), mean ± SD | 517.38 ± 107.97 | 524.66 ± 102.69 | 521.60 ± 84.16 | 1.46 | 5 | .21 | >.99 | .04 | >.99 | .03 | >.99 | .06 | |
| RT-negative (sec.), mean ± SD | 503.62 ± 104.81 | 527.86 ± 162.81 | 532.66 ± 95.12 | .68 | 5 | .65 | .93 | .29 | 1.00 | .04 | >.99 | .17 | |
| CE-positive (n), mean ± SD | 13.00 ± 6.18 | 10.30 ± 7.21 | 5.47 ± 4.72 | 6.31 | 5 | <.01 | <.01 | 1.36 | .02 | .79 | .17 | .40 | |
| CE-negative (n), mean ± SD | 11.70 ± 6.61 | 9.13 ± 6.42 | 7.00 ± 6.08 | 2.99 | 5 | .02 | .01 | .74 | .74 | .34 | .29 | .39 | |
| Omissions-positive (n), mean ± SD | 13.43 ± 9.21 | 8.86 ± 6.01 | 5.75 ± 6.43 | 4.74 | 5 | <.01 | <.01 | .96 | .64 | .49 | .03 | .58 | |
| Omissions-negative (n), mean ± SD | 13.33 ± 9.48 | 9.73 ± 6.82 | 6.52 ± 6.75 | 3.91 | 5 | <.01 | <.01 | .82 | .36 | .47 | .18 | .43 | |
| CGT | |||||||||||||
| Delay aversion, mean ± SD | .55 ± .40 | .58 ± .042 | .56 ± .04 | 1.43 | 5 | .22 | >.99 | .03 | >.99 | .48 | >.99 | .10 | |
| Deliberation time (msec.), mean ± SD | 347.50 ± 211.99 | 271.70 ± 217.95 | 277.60 ± 188.09 | 10.3 | 5 | <.01 | .05 | .34 | >.99 | .02 | .04 | .35 | |
| Proportion bet, mean ± SD | .53 ± .02 | .51 ± .03 | .54 ± .02 | .40 | 5 | .85 | >.99 | .5 | >.99 | 1.17 | >.99 | .78 | |
| Quality of decision making, mean ± SD | .89 ± .03 | .84 ± .03 | .84 ± .02 | 2.09 | 5 | .07 | .41 | 1.96 | >.99 | 0 | .56 | 1.66 | |
| Risk adjustment, mean ± SD | .39 ± .71 | .62 ± .72 | 1.44 ± .63 | .89 | 5 | .49 | .81 | 1.56 | >.99 | 1.21 | >.99 | .32 | |
| Risk taking, mean ± SD | .55 ± .03 | .56 ± .03 | .58 ± .02 | .49 | 5 | .79 | >.99 | 1.17 | >.99 | .78 | >.99 | .33 | |
| SOC | |||||||||||||
| Moves (n), mean ± SD | 5.83 ± .28 | 6.30 ± .29 | 6.55 ± .25 | 7.32 | 5 | <.01 | .17 | 2.71 | >.99 | .92 | .74 | 1.64 | |
| MTS | |||||||||||||
| % of correct choice, mean ± SD | 96.07 ± .716 | 95.59 ± .74 | 96.94 ± .64 | 1.46 | 5 | .21 | >.99 | 1.28 | .54 | 1.95 | >.99 | .65 | |
| BLC | |||||||||||||
| % of correct selection, mean ± SD | 97.83 ± .50 | 98.53 ± .51 | 98.29 ± .44 | .97 | 5 | .44 | >.99 | .97 | >.99 | .50 | .99 | 1.38 | |
Note: Significant p-values (p < .05) are indicated in bold. Abbreviations: AGN, affective go/no-go; BLC, big/little circle; CANTAB, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery; CGT, Cambridge gambling task; CE, commission errors; MTS, match to sample visual search, SOC, stockings of Cambridge; RT, reaction times. PBD: youth with pediatric bipolar disorder; BD-OFF, offspring of subjects with bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls. d, Cohen’s d; SD, standard deviation.