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. 2023 Jun 22;14:1186510. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186510

Figure 1.

Figure 1

RSV induces β-catenin during infection of lung epithelial cells. (A) Human lung epithelial A549 cells were infected with RSV (MOI = 1) for 0–16 h. β-catenin and actin levels were determined in cell lysates by western blotting using corresponding antibodies. (B) Densitometry analysis of β-catenin protein levels relative to actin protein (β-catenin/Actin) in RSV-infected A549 cells. (C) TOP-Flash luciferase assay of A549 cells co-transfected with firefly-luciferase-TOP-Flash and renilla-luciferase plasmids. Co-transfected cells were infected with RSV (MOI = 1) for 16 h. A dual luciferase reagent was utilized to determine firefly and renilla luciferase activity. The relative TOP-Flash luciferase activity was calculated based on the mean value of firefly/renilla luciferase activity. The value is represented as a fold change in TOP-Flash activity in RSV-infected cells compared to mock infected cells. The densitometric values represent the mean ± SEM from three independent studies (*p ≤ 0.05). Luciferase assay represents mean ± SEM from three independent experiments performed in triplicates [*p ≤ 0.05 (n = 24; technical replicates)].