Table 1.
Comparison of baseline clinical features and wGRS in patients with lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis
| Variable | All patients (n=1,078) |
LN (n=507) |
Non-LN (n=571) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female | 995 (92.3) | 457 (90.1) | 538 (94.2) | 0.017 |
| Age at diagnosis of SLE (yr) | 28.0±10.8 | 25.4±10.2 | 29.4±11 | <0.001* |
| Duration between SLE diagnosis and enrollment (yr) | 2.8±3.7 | 3.2±4.1 | 2.4±3.4 | <0.001* |
| wGRS | 22.8±1.2 | 22.9±1.1 | 22.6±1.2 | <0.001* |
| Malar rash | 467 (43.4) | 247 (48.7) | 220 (38.6) | 0.001 |
| Discoid rash | 84 (7.8) | 33 (6.5) | 51 (8.9) | 0.172 |
| Photosensitivity | 370 (34.5) | 164 (32.4) | 206 (36.3) | 0.288 |
| Oral ulcer | 372 (34.5) | 166 (32.8) | 206 (36.1) | 0.196 |
| Arthritis | 698 (64.8) | 324 (63.9) | 374 (65.6) | 0.602 |
| Serositis | 244 (22.7) | 160 (31.6) | 84 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Pleuritis | 185 (17.2) | 127 (25.1) | 58 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Pericarditis | 145 (13.5) | 96 (19.0) | 49 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Neurologic disorder | 48 (4.5) | 24 (4.7) | 24 (4.2) | 0.768 |
| Immunologic disorder | 934 (86.8) | 466 (92.0) | 468 (82.3) | <0.001 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibodies | 838 (77.8) | 436 (86.0) | 402 (70.6) | <0.001 |
| Anti-Sm antibodies | 207 (19.2) | 124 (24.5) | 83 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Low complement | 791 (73.4) | 399 (78.7) | 392 (68.7) | <0.001 |
| aPL antibodies | 321 (30.0) | 133 (26.2) | 188 (33.0) | 0.018 |
| Hematologic disorder | 885 (82.3) | 428 (84.6) | 457 (80.2) | 0.070 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 163 (15.1) | 89 (17.6) | 74 (13.0) | 0.045 |
| Leukopenia | 638 (59.3) | 301 (59.5) | 337 (59.1) | 0.953 |
| Lymphopenia | 686 (63.8) | 341 (67.4) | 345 (60.5) | 0.023 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 259 (24.0) | 139 (27.4) | 120 (21.0) | 0.017 |
| ANA | 1,078 (100) | 507 (100) | 571 (100) | - |
| Total number of ACR criteria | 5.2±1.4 | 5.8±1.4 | 4.7±1.2 | <0.001* |
| SDI | 0.3±0.7 | 0.4±0.9 | 0.3±0.6 | 0.001* |
| SDI, non-renal | 0.3±0.6 | 0.3±0.7 | 0.3±0.6 | 0.437* |
| Renal biopsy classification | ||||
| II+V | 2 (0.4) | |||
| III | 106 (20.9) | |||
| III+V | 68 (13.4) | |||
| IV | 226 (44.6) | |||
| IV+V | 30 (5.9) | |||
| V | 75 (14.8) | |||
| Activity index, n=312† | 7.0±4.2 | |||
| Chronicity index, n=312† | 1.7±1.6 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, or number (%). LN: systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus nephritis, non-LN: systemic lupus erythematosus patients without LN, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus, wGRS: weighted genetic risk score, dsDNA: double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, Sm: Smith, aPL: antiphospholipid, ANA: antinuclear antibodies, ACR: American College of Rheumatology, SDI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index total score at enrollment, SDI, non-renal: total score of SDI at enrollment except for the variables related to LN; such as proteinuria, pyuria, hematuria, and abnormal urinary casts. *p-values are calculated by Student’s t-test and the chi-square test. p-values<0.05. †Numbers are reduced due to lack of data.