Table 1.
Inflammasome stimulators
Stimulus | Inflammasome | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NLRP1 | NLRP3 | NLRP4 (IPAF) | AIM2 | |
Whole pathogen | Staphylococcus aureus | Salmonella typhimurium | ||
Escherichia coli | Shigella flexneri | |||
Aspergillus fumigatus | Legionella pneumophilia | |||
Candida albicans | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||
Neisseria gonorrhoea | ||||
Listeria monocytogenes | ||||
Mycobacterium marinum | ||||
Influenza A | ||||
Vesicular stomatitis virus | ||||
Adenovirus | ||||
PAMPs | Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin | LPS | Flagellin | |
MDP | Nigericin | |||
MDP | ||||
Viral DNA | ||||
Bacterial RNA | ||||
Poly(I:C) | ||||
Aerolysin | ||||
Maitotoxin | ||||
DAMPs | MSU | Cytosolic dsDNA | ||
Silica | ||||
Asbestos | ||||
Amyloid-β | ||||
Alum | ||||
Cholesterol | ||||
Glucose | ||||
CPPD | ||||
Nanomaterials | ||||
Extracellular ATP | ||||
Hyaluron | ||||
Skin irritants | ||||
UVB |
PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs: danger-associated molecular patterns, MSU: monosodium urate, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, MDP: muramyl dipeptide, Poly(I:C): polycytidylic acid, CPPD: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, UVB: ultraviolet B, ATP: adenosine triphosphate. Adapted from Kingsbury et al. (J Inflamm Res 2011;4:39-49) [9].