Table 1.
Inflammasome stimulators
| Stimulus | Inflammasome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NLRP1 | NLRP3 | NLRP4 (IPAF) | AIM2 | |
| Whole pathogen | Staphylococcus aureus | Salmonella typhimurium | ||
| Escherichia coli | Shigella flexneri | |||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | Legionella pneumophilia | |||
| Candida albicans | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||
| Neisseria gonorrhoea | ||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | ||||
| Mycobacterium marinum | ||||
| Influenza A | ||||
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | ||||
| Adenovirus | ||||
| PAMPs | Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin | LPS | Flagellin | |
| MDP | Nigericin | |||
| MDP | ||||
| Viral DNA | ||||
| Bacterial RNA | ||||
| Poly(I:C) | ||||
| Aerolysin | ||||
| Maitotoxin | ||||
| DAMPs | MSU | Cytosolic dsDNA | ||
| Silica | ||||
| Asbestos | ||||
| Amyloid-β | ||||
| Alum | ||||
| Cholesterol | ||||
| Glucose | ||||
| CPPD | ||||
| Nanomaterials | ||||
| Extracellular ATP | ||||
| Hyaluron | ||||
| Skin irritants | ||||
| UVB | ||||
PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs: danger-associated molecular patterns, MSU: monosodium urate, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, MDP: muramyl dipeptide, Poly(I:C): polycytidylic acid, CPPD: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, UVB: ultraviolet B, ATP: adenosine triphosphate. Adapted from Kingsbury et al. (J Inflamm Res 2011;4:39-49) [9].