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. 2023 Jun 22;11:1164166. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1164166

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Copyright © 2023 Song, Liang, Liu, Lin, Zhang and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pro-angiogenic mechanism of the ERK signaling pathway. Growth factors activate the cascade of Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathways by activating RTK, and phosphorylated ERK enters the nucleus for transcription. In addition, during hypoxia, VEGF binds to its receptor VEGFR and activates PKC to activate the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathways. At the same time, hypoxia can promote EGF expression, activate ERK5 to interact with nuclear factors, regulate cell proliferation and migration, and promote angiogenesis.