TABLE 1.

Examples of disease map purpose, intended use and expected primary users.

Primary purpose	Details	Examples	Primary users
Integrating knowledge	Visualisation, identifying gaps, educational purposes	Atlas of Cancer Signalling Networks Kuperstein et al. (2015a), Parkinson’s Disease Map Fujita et al. (2013), RA-Map Singh et al. (2020)	Research centres, students, modellers
Combining knowledge with external databases and tools	Exploring drug targets, text mining	COVID-19 Disease Map Ostaszewski et al. (2021)	COVID-19 research community, data analysts
Data analysis	Network-based analysis, omics and multi-omics data visualisation, interpretation and hypothesis generation	AsthmaMap Mazein et al. (2021a)	IMI U-BIOPRED (No 115010, https://www.imi.europa.eu) community, IMI eTRIKS (No 115446, https://www.etriks.org) community, data analysts
Computational modelling	Using maps as templates for building computational models, refining hypotheses and making predictions	Atherosclerosis Map Parton et al. (2019)	Research centres, modellers
Computational modelling combined with data analysis	Using maps as templates for building Boolean and hybrid modelling and data analysis	RA-Atlas Miagoux et al. (2021), Aghakhani et al. (2022); Zerrouk et al. (2022)	Research centres, modellers, data analysts