Table 1.
Characteristics stratified by hs-cTnT groups.
| Variable | Level | Overall | hs-TnT < =14 ng/L | hs-TnT > 14 ng/L | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 7,156 | 5,005 | 2,151 | |||
| Sex (n[%]) | Men | 4,299 (60.1) | 2,872 (57.4) | 1,427 (66.3) | <0.001 | |
| Women | 2,857 (39.9) | 2,133 (42.6) | 724 (33.7) | |||
| Age (median[IQR]) | 61.00 [49.00,71.00] | 59.00 [49.00,68.00] | 66.00 [51.00,76.00] | <0.001 | ||
| BMI (median[IQR]) | BMI | 23.00 [21.00,25.00] | 23.00 [21.00,25.00] | 23.00 [20.0,25.00] | <0.001 | |
| Prognostic models | ASA (n[%]) | I-II | 2,560 (35.8) | 2,218 (44.3) | 342 (15.9) | <0.001 |
| III | 3,956 (55.3) | 2,514 (50.2) | 1,442 (67.0) | |||
| IV-V | 640 (8.9) | 273 (5.5) | 367 (17.1) | |||
| CCI (n[%]) | <=4 | 5,945 (83.1) | 4,165 (83.2) | 1780 (82.8) | 0.85 | |
| 5–8 | 963 (13.5) | 666 (13.3) | 297 (13.8) | |||
| > = 9 | 248 (3.5) | 174 (3.5) | 74 (3.4) | |||
| RCRI (n[%]) | 0 | 3,189 (44.6) | 2,396 (47.9) | 793 (36.9) | <0.001 | |
| 1 | 2,989 (41.8) | 2,132 (42.6) | 857 (39.8) | |||
| 2 | 838 (11.7) | 430 (8.6) | 408 (19.0) | |||
| > = 3 | 140 (2.0) | 47 (0.9) | 93 (4.3) | |||
| SORT (median[IQR]) | 1.45 [0.64,2.71] | 1.06 [0.04,2.33] | 2.27 [0.92,3.22] | <0.001 | ||
| Excare (median[IQR]) | 19.88 [13.22,24.13] | 19.88 [13.22,22.58] | 22.58 [19.88,25.82] | <0.001 | ||
| Comorbidities (n[%]) | Ischemic heart disease | No | 6,465 (90.3) | 4,618 (92.3) | 1847 (85.9) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 691 (9.7) | 387 (7.7) | 304 (14.1) | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | No | 6,908 (96.5) | 4,916 (98.2) | 1992 (92.6) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 248 (3.5) | 89 (1.8) | 159 (7.4) | |||
| Chronic heart failure or cardiomyopathy | No | 7,092 (99.1) | 4,983 (99.6) | 2,109 (98.0) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 64 (0.9) | 22 (0.4) | 42 (2.0) | |||
| Valvular disease | No | 6,869 (96.0) | 4,852 (96.9) | 2017 (93.8) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 287 (4.0) | 153 (3.1) | 134 (6.2) | |||
| Peripheral vascular disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm | No | 6,610 (92.4) | 4,693 (93.8) | 1917 (89.1) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 546 (7.6) | 312 (6.2) | 234 (10.9) | |||
| Hypertension | No | 4,693 (65.6) | 3,532 (70.6) | 1,161 (54.0) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 2,463 (34.4) | 1,473 (29.4) | 990 (46.0) | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease | No | 7,001 (97.8) | 4,935 (98.6) | 2066 (96.0) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 155 (2.2) | 70 (1.4) | 85 (4.0) | |||
| Hemiplegia paraplegia or paralytic syndrome | No | 6,967 (97.4) | 4,868 (97.3) | 2099 (97.6) | 0.488 | |
| Yes | 189 (2.6) | 137 (2.7) | 52 (2.4) | |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | No | 6,331 (88.5) | 4,506 (90.0) | 1825 (84.8) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 825 (11.5) | 499 (10.0) | 326 (15.2) | |||
| Diabetes | No | 6,039 (84.4) | 4,377 (87.5) | 1,662 (77.3) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1,117 (15.6) | 628 (12.5) | 489 (22.7) | |||
| Cancer (including lymphoma and leukemia) | No | 5,335 (74.6) | 3,554 (71.0) | 1781 (82.8) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1821 (25.4) | 1,451 (29.0) | 370 (17.2) | |||
| Childpugh grade | A | 1,221 (73.9) | 979 (81.2) | 242 (54.0) | <0.001 | |
| B | 388 (23.5) | 205 (17.0) | 183 (40.8) | |||
| C | 44 (2.7) | 21 (1.7) | 23 (5.1) | |||
| Preoperative anemia | No | 3,735 (52.4) | 3,044 (61.0) | 691 (32.3) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 3,398 (47.6) | 1950 (39.0) | 1,448 (67.7) | |||
| Preoperative increased creatinine | No | 5,908 (85.6) | 4,553 (93.7) | 1,355 (66.4) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 991 (14.4) | 306 (6.3) | 685 (33.6) | |||
| Preoperative leukocytosis (n[%]) | No | 5,857 (82.1) | 4,269 (85.5) | 1,588 (74.2) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1,276 (17.9) | 725 (14.5) | 551 (25.8) | |||
| Emergency case (n[%]) | Emergency | 2025 (28.3) | 1,161 (23.2) | 864 (40.2) | <0.001 | |
| Elective | 5,131 (71.7) | 3,844 (76.8) | 1,287 (59.8) | |||
| Surgical category (n[%]) | Thoracic | 608 (8.5) | 539 (10.8) | 69 (3.2) | 0.589 | |
| Vascular | 536 (7.5) | 380 (7.6) | 156 (7.3) | |||
| General | 1,639 (22.9) | 1,091 (21.8) | 548 (25.5) | |||
| Neurosurgery | 1,369 (19.1) | 972 (19.4) | 397 (18.5) | |||
| Orthopedic | 1,524 (21.3) | 1,065 (21.3) | 459 (21.3) | |||
| Other | 1,480 (20.7) | 958 (19.1) | 522 (24.3) | |||
| General anaesthesia (n[%]) | Yes | 6,701 (94.2) | 4,814 (96.5) | 1887 (88.7) | <0.001 | |
| No | 414 (5.8) | 174 (3.5) | 240 (11.3) | |||
| Intraoperative hypotension (n[%]) | MAP<55 mmHg at any time | No | 6,117 (85.5) | 4,400 (87.9) | 1717 (79.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1,039 (14.5) | 605 (12.1) | 434 (20.2) | |||
| Intraoperative mean heart rate (median[IQR]) | 71.80 [64.64,81.89] | 70.44 [64.00,78.90] | 76.53 [66.70,89.83] | <0.001 | ||
| Intraoperative transfusion (n[%]) | No | 6,123 (85.6) | 4,461 (89.1) | 1,662 (77.3) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1,033 (14.4) | 544 (10.9) | 489 (22.7) | |||
| Intraoperative blood loss (n[%]) | <=400 mL | 4,663 (65.2) | 3,209 (64.1) | 697 (32.4) | 0.005 | |
| >400 mL | 2,493 (34.8) | 1796 (35.9) | 1,177 (54.7) | |||
| Duration of surgery (n[%]) | <=120 min | 3,680 (51.4) | 2,503 (50.0) | 1,177 (54.7) | <0.001 | |
| >120 min | 3,476 (48.6) | 2,502 (50.0) | 974 (45.3) | |||
| Preoperative laboratory tests | Hb (median[IQR]) | 126.00 [106.00,140.00] | 129.00 [114.00,142.00] | 112.00 [91.00,131.00] | <0.001 | |
| WBC (median[IQR]) | 6.77 [5.23,9.57] | 6.49 [5.11,8.89] | 7.69 [5.70,11.14] | <0.001 | ||
| NLR (median[IQR]) | 3.56 [2.11,7.56] | 3.03 [1.93,6.09] | 5.32 [2.93,11.10] | <0.001 | ||
| BUN (median[IQR]) | 5.20 [4.10,6.70] | 4.90 [3.90,6.00] | 6.20 [4.60,9.10] | <0.001 | ||
| CRE (median[IQR]) | 70.00 [58.00,86.00] | 68.00 [57.00,80.00] | 81.00 [63.00,115.00] | <0.001 | ||
| GFR(median[IQR]) | 91.54 [75.78,104.72] | 94.14 [82.54,106.29] | 78.78 [50.65,99.23] | <0.001 | ||
| TBil (median[IQR]) | 11.70 [8.45,16.25] | 11.70 [8.70,15.95] | 11.70 [7.80,17.20] | 0.487 | ||
| ALB (median[IQR]) | 40.40 [35.90,43.70] | 41.30 [37.70,44.30] | 37.10 [32.58,41.40] | <0.001 | ||
| ALT (median[IQR]) | 19.00 [13.00,31.00] | 19.00 [13.00,30.00] | 19.00 [12.00,34.00] | 0.653 | ||
| LDH (median[IQR]) | 176.00 [150.00,216.00] | 169.00 [146.00,200.00] | 200.00 [166.00,263.00] | <0.001 | ||
| ALP (median[IQR]) | 77.00 [62.00,98.00] | 77.00 [62.00,95.00] | 79.00 [62.00,104.00] | 0.001 | ||
| G (median[IQR]) | 5.70 [4.93,7.31] | 5.53 [4.87,6.90] | 6.34 [5.15,8.52] | <0.001 | ||
| Postoperative outcomes | ICU admission(n[%]) | No | 5,057 (70.7) | 3,719 (74.3) | 1,338 (62.2) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 2099 (29.3) | 1,286 (25.7) | 813 (37.8) | |||
| MINS (n[%]) | No | 6,495 (91.0) | 4,760 (95.4) | 1735 (80.8) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 644 (9.0) | 231 (4.6) | 413 (19.2) | |||
| Length of hospital stay (median [IQR]) | 12.00 [8.00,20.00] | 11.00 [8.00,18.00] | 15.00 [9.00,25.00] | <0.001 | ||
| Death within 30 days (n[%]) | No | 6,157 (93.8) | 4,489 (96.5) | 1,668 (87.1) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 410 (6.2) | 162 (3.5) | 248 (12.9) | |||
| Death within 90 days (n[%]) | No | 6,074 (92.5) | 4,460 (95.9) | 1,614 (84.2) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 493 (7.5) | 191 (4.1) | 302 (15.8) | |||
| Death within 1 year (n[%]) | No | 6,539 (92.9) | 4,767 (96.1) | 1772 (85.2) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 500 (7.1) | 192 (3.9) | 308 (14.8) | |||
| Death during follow-up (n[%]) | No | 6,067 (90.8) | 4,459 (94.9) | 1,608 (80.9) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 617 (9.2) | 238 (5.1) | 379 (19.1) | |||
BMI, Body mass index; ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SORT, Surgical Outcome Risk Tool; RCRI, Revised Cardiac Risk Index; Hb, Hemoglobin; WBC, White blood cells; NLR, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; CRE, Creatinine; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; TBil, Total bilirubin; ALB, Albumin; ALT, Alanine transaminase; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; G, Blood glucose.