Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author, year (Country) |
Design | Risk of bias | Participants (Number, female ratio) |
Mean age of participants | Measures | Intervention (Type, duration, mode, comparison) |
Follow-up (f/u) time points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ahn (2017)37 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 15, C = 15 100% |
N/A | MBI |
Type: mindfulness-based stress reduction program Duration: 5 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Alenezi et al. (2019)38 (Saudi) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 154, C = 142 N/A |
N/A | MBI |
Type: burnout prevention workshop Duration: 2 days Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, f/u (1, 3, 6 months) |
|
Alexander et al. (2015)27 (USA) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 20, C = 20 97.5% |
46.4 | MBI |
Type: yoga Duration: 8 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: usual care |
Pre, post |
|
Bae et al. (2019)39 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 17, C = 17 91.2% |
31.7 | MBI |
Type: mindfulness-based stress reduction program Duration: 4 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post, f/u (4 weeks) |
|
Bagheri et al. (2019)25 (Iran) |
Quasi-experimental | No Information |
E = 30, C = 30 88.1% |
33.2 | MBI |
Type: stress-coping & cognitive behavioral therapy Duration: 10 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post, f/u (1 month) |
|
Berger et al. (2011)28 (Israel) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 42, C = 38 100% |
E = 49.3 C = 47.7 | ProQoL |
Type: reducing secondary traumatization Duration: 12 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Choi et al. (2016)40 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 34, C = 15 N/A |
E = 24.0 C = 25.4 | Pines, Aronson, Kafry (1981) |
Type: empowerment program Duration: 2 days Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Dincer et al. (2021)21 (Turkey) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 35, 91.4% C = 37, 86.5% |
E = 33.5 C = 33.4 | Pines & Aronson (1988) |
Type: emotional freedom techniques Duration: 20 min Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Duarte et al. (2016)41 (Portugal) |
Quasi-experimental | High |
E = 29, 89.6% C = 19, 84.2% |
E = 38.9 C = 42.1 | ProQoL |
Type: mindfulness-based stress reduction program Duration: 6 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Felker. (2013)42 (USA) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 17, C = 17 94.1% |
40.3 | MBI |
Type: yoga Duration: 6 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Jang (2019)43 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 24, 75.0% C = 24, 87.5% |
E = 26.1 C = 25.8 | MBI |
Type: workplace mutual respect program Duration: 4 months Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
|
Jang et al. (2015)26 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 14, C = 15 100% |
N/A | MBI |
Type: group art therapy Duration: 8 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post, f/u (4 weeks) |
|
Kang et al. (2017)44 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 15, C = 23 N/A |
E = 27.9 C = 26.6 | ProQoL |
Type: self-reflection program Duration: 6 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
| Kharatzadeh et al. (2020)29 (Iran) | RCT | Some concerns |
E = 26, 92.3% C = 27, 88.8% |
E = 41.0 C = 39.2 | ProQoL |
Type: emotional regulation training Duration: six 2-h sessions Mode: N/A Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Kil et al. (2016)30 (Korea) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 26, C = 30 100% |
N/A | MBI |
Type: self-cosmetology training program Duration: 3 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
|
Kim et al. (2016)45 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 14, C = 18 71.9% |
26.9 | ProQoL |
Type: overcoming compassion fatigue program Duration: 5 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Kim et al. (2018)22 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 23, 100% C = 24, 91.7% |
N/A | OLBI |
Type: group rational emotive behavior therapy program with group counseling Duration: 8 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post, f/u (4 weeks) |
|
Kubota et al. (2016)31 (Japan) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 50, 96.0% C = 46, 96.0% |
E = 38.9 C = 40.0 | MBI |
Type: psycho-oncology training program Duration: 16 h (2 days) Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, f/u (3 months) |
|
Lee et al. (2017)46 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 18, C = 18 N/A |
30.6 | MBI |
Type: violence coping program Duration: 4 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post, f/u (4 weeks) |
|
Luo et al. (2019)47 (China) |
Quasi-experimental | High |
E = 41, C = 46 97.7% |
28.1 | MBI |
Type: record 3 good things Duration: 4 weeks Mode: mobile application Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
|
Özbaş et al. (2016)32 (Turkey) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 38, C = 44 N/A |
N/A | MBI |
Type: psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program Duration: 10 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, f/u (1 month after intervention), f/u (3 month after intervention) |
|
Rajeswari et al. (2020)23 (India) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 60, C = 60 80.0% |
N/A | ProQoL |
Type: accelerated recovery program Duration: 5 weeks Mode: N/A Comparison: routine activity |
Pre, post, f/u (3, 6, 9, 12 months) |
|
Redhead et al. (2011)33 (England) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 12, 83.0% C = 9, 78.0% |
E = 39.4 C = 42.6 | MBI |
Type: psychosocial intervention training Duration: 8 months Mode: face to face, group Comparison: waitlist |
Pre, post |
|
Rhee et al. (2012)48 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 13, C = 15 100% |
E = 43.8 C = 41.5 | MBI |
Type: mindfulness-based stress reduction program Duration: 4 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
| Sabancıogullari et al. (2015)49 (Turkey) | Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 33, 97.2% C = 30, 93.3% |
E = 27.5 C = 29.6 | MBI |
Type: professional identity awareness development education program Duration: 10 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post, f/u (6 months) |
|
Shin et al. (2020)34 (Korea) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 25, C = 25 100% |
E = 26.4 C = 26.6 | ProQoL |
Type: Patchouli oil inhalation Duration: 24 h Mode: N/A Comparison: pure sweet almond oil inhalation |
Pre, post |
|
Wei et al. (2017)35 (China) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 51, C = 51 86.0% |
N/A | MBI |
Type: active intervention and regular management Duration: 6 months Mode: N/A Comparison: regular management |
Pre, post |
|
Xie et al. (2020)36 (China) |
RCT | Some concerns |
E = 53, C = 53 100.0% |
27.7 | MBI |
Type: mindfulness Duration: 8 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: education |
Pre, post, f/u (1, 3 months) |
|
Yoo (2017)50 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 21, 90.5% C = 27, 96.3% |
E = 26.1 C = 26.5 | ProQoL |
Type: expressive writing program Duration: 5 weeks Mode: non-face-to-face, individual Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
|
Yoon (2013)51 (Korea) |
Quasi-experimental | Moderate |
E = 25, C = 25 N/A |
N/A | MBI |
Type: happy arts therapy Duration: 4 weeks Mode: face to face, group Comparison: no information about intervention |
Pre, post |
C comparison group, E experimental group, MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, OLBI Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, ProQoL Professional Quality of Life Scale, RCT Randomized controlled trial, N/A not available.