Fig. 1. Relationship between Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates in pregnant women at first ANC visit and children from cross-sectional surveys.

Scatter comparison of PfPR_qPCR (a–c) and PfPR_RDT (d–f) between children 2–10 years old (n = 3933) and a women attending a first ANC visit 90 days around the dates of cross-sectional surveys (n = 2016), b primigravid women (PG) (n = 602) and c multigravidae (MG) (n = 1414). g–i Same as d–f but restricted to low transmission areas (Magude and Manhiça) (n = 3818, 1884, 530, 1354 for children 2–10 years old, all first ANC visits, PG and MG respectively). The three points with error bars of each colour represent the mean values for each of the three years of study ±SD. Grey lines in a–i show the hypothetical one-to-one relationship, and the black dashed lines show the linear regressions. j–m values of linear regression slopes and origin parameters, Pearson correlation coefficients and χ² statistics of the relationships between pregnant women and children, with the error bars representing the 95%CI. The horizontal grey lines show the optimal scenario (j–l) and the threshold of χ² value for consistency (m).