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. 2023 Jun 15;13(6):2234–2253.

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of characteristics extracted from the SEER database

Univariate Cox analysis Multivariate Cox analysis


OS BCSS OS BCSS




HR 95% CI P value HR 95% CI P value HR 95% CI P value HR 95% CI P value
Age at diagnosis
    <40 Reference Reference Reference Reference
    40-49 0.809 0.581-1.127 0.210 0.792 0.557-1.126 0.194 0.969 0.675-1.391 0.865 0.911 0.622-1.336 0.633
    50-59 0.912 0.666-1.249 0.567 0.901 0.646-1.258 0.540 1.069 0.757-1.509 0.707 1.080 0.751-1.553 0.677
    60-69 0.994 0.721-1.370 0.970 0.795 0.558-1.131 0.202 1.114 0.777-1.596 0.558 0.925 0.623-1.372 0.698
    70-79 1.842 1.327-2.556 *** 1.333 0.921-1.930 0.128 2.082 1.431-3.027 *** 1.620 1.063-2.469 *
    80+ 4.945 3.611-6.774 *** 2.380 1.624-3.486 *** 3.693 2.498-5.461 *** 2.123 1.320-3.413 ***
HER2
    Negative Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Positive 0.695 0.578-0.836 *** 0.609 0.486-0.763 *** 0.594 0.479-0.736 *** 0.474 0.364-0.617 ***
Race
    White Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Black 1.039 0.836-1.292 0.729 0.981 0.755-1.274 0.884 1.081 0.844-1.383 0.539 0.951 0.703-1.288 0.746
    Other 0.601 0.441-0.819 ** 0.641 0.451-0.912 * 0.563 0.391-0.811 ** 0.622 0.412-0.941 *
Histological type
    IDC Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Non-IDC 1.269 1.019-1.581 * 1.185 0.909-1.545 0.209 0.992 0.766-1.285 0.952 1.015 0.746-1.383 0.923
Marital status
    Married Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Unmarried 1.642 1.394-1.935 *** 1.348 1.113-1.634 ** 1.069 0.886-1.291 0.487 1.006 0.805-1.257 0.960
T Stage
    T1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
    T2 1.749 1.435-2.133 *** 2.164 1.684-2.780 *** 1.643 1.310-2.060 *** 1.751 1.324-2.315 ***
    T3 2.891 2.189-3.819 *** 4.202 3.040-5.808 *** 2.860 2.047-3.996 *** 3.193 2.178-4.681 ***
    T4 6.357 4.910-8.230 *** 9.424 6.964-12.754 *** 4.740 3.380-6.645 *** 5.189 3.512-7.666 ***
N Stage
    N0 Reference Reference Reference Reference
    N1 1.688 1.405-2.027 *** 2.275 1.828-2.831 *** 1.562 1.259-1.938 *** 1.883 1.459-2.430 ***
    N2 2.728 2.025-3.676 *** 3.895 2.787-5.444 *** 2.464 1.743-3.484 *** 3.040 2.067-4.470 ***
    N3 5.483 4.170-7.210 *** 8.692 6.469-11.680 *** 4.239 3.059-5.875 *** 5.739 4.020-8.193 ***
Grade
    I Reference Reference Reference Reference
    II 3.634 1.152-11.460 * 6.095 0.844-44.030 0.073 2.193 0.688-6.990 0.184 3.565 0.489-26.007 0.210
    III/IV 4.274 1.373-13.300 * 9.676 1.359-68.880 * 2.665 0.846-8.401 0.094 5.023 0.698-36.154 0.109
Median household income (inflation ajusted)
    <50,000 $ Reference Reference Reference Reference
    50,000-59,999 $ 0.880 0.677-1.144 0.339 0.829 0.609-1.130 0.236 0.890 0.665-1.191 0.433 0.775 0.547-1.097 0.150
    60,000-69,999 $ 0.759 0.604-0.954 * 0.758 0.581-0.989 * 0.738 0.570-0.955 * 0.711 0.526-0.963 *
    70,000 $+ 0.667 0.529-0.842 *** 0.635 0.483-0.834 ** 0.784 0.603-1.1020 0.069 0.761 0.559-1.034 0.081
Surgery
    No Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Yes 0.243 0.198-0.298 *** 0.240 0.189-0.305 *** 0.557 0.419-0.740 *** 0.576 0.412-0.805 **
Radiotherapy
    None/unknown Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Yes 0.542 0.461-0.639 *** 0.682 0.565-0.823 *** 0.705 0.580-0.856 *** 0.821 0.655-1.030 0.089
Chemotherapy
    No Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Yes 0.464 0.396-0.545 *** 0.735 0.601-0.899 ** 0.546 0.433-0.689 *** 0.635 0.478-0.844 **
Neoadjuvant therapy
    No Reference Reference Reference Reference
    Yes 0.953 0.764-1.189 0.668 1.261 0.987-1.612 0.064 / / / / / /

SEER: the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.