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. 2023 May 31;73:101745. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101745

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© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Cross talk between the periphery and the brain leading to exercise-induced plasticity. Shown here are organs and tissues that release hormones, hepatokines, myokines, adipokines, cytokines, metabolites and neurotrophins via exercise. These factors are linked to functional and structural changes of neural circuits within the brain (including within the hypothalamus). Lac-Phe: Lactoylphenylalanine, LEAP2: Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-6: interleukin 6, PVH: Paraventricular hypothalamus, DMH: Dorsomedial hypothalamus, VMH: Ventromedial hypothalamus, ARC: Arcuate nucleus, 3V: Third ventricle.