Table 1.
Various chemical modulators present in platelets.
| Location | Type | Chemical Modulators | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| α-granules | Adhesive proteins | P-selectin Fibrinogen Von Willebrand factor Fibronectin Thrombospondin-1 Thrombospondin-2 Laminin-8 Vitronectin |
[25,26,27,28,29,30,31] |
| Growth factors | EGF IGF-1 HGF TGF-β PDGF |
[32,33,34,35,36] | |
| Angiogenic factors | VEGF PDGF FGF |
[37,38,39] | |
| Chemokines | CXCL1/2/5/6/7/8/12 CCL2/3/5/7 (RANTES) IL1β CD40L Proteases |
[40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50] | |
| Coagulation factors | Factor V Protein S Factor XI Factor XIII Kininogens Plasminogen |
[51,52,53,54,55,56] | |
| Integral membrane proteins | Integrin αIIbβ3 GPIba-IX-V GPVI TLT-1 P-selectin |
[25,57,58,59,60] | |
| Immune mediators | Complement C3/C4 precursor Factor D/H C1 inhibitor Immunoglobulins |
[61,62,63,64,65] | |
| Protease inhibitors | α2-antiplasmin PAI-1 α2-antitrypsin α2-macroglobulin TFPI C1-inhibitor |
[64,66,67,68,69,70] | |
| Proteoglycans | MMP2, MMP9 | [71] | |
| Dense granules | Amines | Serotonin Histamine |
[72,73] |
| Bivalent cations | Ca2+ Mg2+ |
||
| Nucleotides Polyphosphates |
ATP ADP GTP GDP |
||
EGF: epidermal growth factor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF: vascular-endothelial growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TFPI: tissue factor inhibitor; MMP: matrix metalloprotease.