Table 4.
Previous Surgical Information on the Cohort
| Overall | Groups | Overall significance testa | Pairwise comparisonsb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Total (N=1234) n (%) |
No Bone Grafting (n=1075) n (%) |
1-Stage Bone Grafting (n=64) n (%) |
2-Stage Bone Grafting (n=95) n (%) |
χ2 / F | P value | None vs 1-stage | None vs 2-stage | 1-stage vs 2-stage | |
|
| |||||||||
| Median time (in years) since last ACLR | 3.3 (1.4, 8.0) | 3.0 (1.6, 6.9) | 4.7 (1.2, 9.9) | 3.3 (1.4, 8.2) | 1.26 | 0.28 | |||
|
| |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Revision number | 80.76 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| One | 1076 (87.3%) | 964 (89.8%) | 54 (84.4%) | 58 (61.1%) | 0.519 | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||
| Two | 131 (10.6%) | 96 (8.9%) | 9 (14.1%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.506 | <0.001 | 0.141 | ||
| 3 or more* | 26 (2.1%) | 14 (1.3%) | 1 (1.6%) | 11 (11.6%) | -- | <0.001 | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior Graft Type | 39.31 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| allograft (btb) | 136 (11.0%) | 118 (11.0%) | 6 (9.4%) | 12 (12.6%) | 0.688 | 0.688 | 0.688 | ||
| allograft (soft tissue) | 133 (10.8%) | 112 (10.4%) | 5 (7.8%) | 16 (16.8%) | 0.503 | 0.149 | 0.149 | ||
| autograft (btb) | 493 (40.0%) | 436 (40.6%) | 31 (48.4%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.215 | 0.017 | 0.017 | ||
| autograft (soft tissue) | 326 (26.4%) | 295 (27.5%) | 17 (26.6%) | 14 (14.7%) | 0.875 | 0.021 | 0.097 | ||
| other / unknown | 145 (11.8%) | 113 (10.5%) | 5 (7.8%) | 27 (28.4%) | 0.49 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior medial meniscal surgery | 17.50 | 0.002 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| no | 764 (62.0%) | 686 (63.9%) | 37 (57.8%) | 41 (43.2%) | 0.328 | <0.001 | 0.105 | ||
| excision | 368 (29.8%) | 304 (28.3%) | 23 (35.9%) | 41 (43.2%) | 0.285 | 0.007 | 0.363 | ||
| repair | 101 (8.2%) | 84 (7.8%) | 4 (6.3%) | 13 (13.7%) | 0.648 | 0.141 | 0.205 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior lateral meniscal surgery | 3.37 | 0.498 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| no | 978 (79.3%) | 854 (79.5%) | 54 (84.4%) | 70 (73.7%) | |||||
| excision | 198 (16.1%) | 171 (15.9%) | 7 (10.9%) | 20 (21.1%) | |||||
| repair | 53 (4.3%) | 45 (4.2%) | 3 (4.7%) | 5 (5.3%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior surgical technique | 0.23 | 0.892 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| 1 incision | 994 (80.6%) | 861 (80.2%) | 54 (84.4%) | 79 (83.2%) | |||||
| 2 incision | 212 (17.2%) | 186 (17.3%) | 10 (15.6%) | 16 (16.8%) | |||||
| arthrotomy* | 12 (1.0%) | 12 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
| arthrotomy (patellar retinaculum intact)* | 10 (0.8%) | 10 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior femoral tunnel technique | -- | -- | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| single tunnel | 1195 (96.9%) | 1038 (96.6%) | 63 (98.4%) | 94 (98.9%) | |||||
| double tunnel* | 18 (1.5%) | 17 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior femoral fixation | 6.46 | 0.596 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Interference screw (bioabsorbable) | 277 (22.5%) | 244 (22.7%) | 14 (21.9%) | 19 (20.0%) | |||||
| Interference screw (metal) | 450 (36.5%) | 381 (35.5%) | 29 (45.3%) | 40 (42.1%) | |||||
| Suture + button/endobutton | 221 (17.9%) | 200 (18.6%) | 8 (12.5%) | 13 (13.7%) | |||||
| Cross pin | 154 (12.5%) | 133 (12.4%) | 9 (14.1%) | 12 (12.6%) | |||||
| Other/combination | 130 (10.5%) | 115 (10.7%) | 4 (6.3%) | 11 (11.6%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior femoral tunnel aperture position | 145.28 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ideal | 409 (33.2%) | 371 (34.5%) | 26 (40.6%) | 12 (12.6%) | 0.382 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Compromised (position) | 692 (56.1%) | 616 (57.4%) | 30 (46.9%) | 46 (48.4%) | 0.108 | 0.108 | 0.799 | ||
| Compromised (position + size) | 60 (4.9%) | 29 (2.7%) | 5 (7.8%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.022 | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| Ideal position + size, but enlarged tunnels* | 29 (2.4%) | 24 (2.2%) | 2 (3.1%) | 3 (3.2%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Compromised (size) | 21 (1.7%) | 13 (1.2%) | 1 (1.6%) | 7 (7.4%) | -- | <0.001 | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior tibial fixation | 5.90 | 0.435 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Interference screw (bioabsorbable) | 454 (36.8%) | 402 (37.4%) | 18 (28.1%) | 34 (35.8%) | |||||
| Interference screw (metal) | 419 (34.0%) | 356 (33.1%) | 28 (43.8%) | 35 (36.8%) | |||||
| Combination | 118 (9.6%) | 100 (9.3%) | 5 (7.8%) | 13 (13.7%) | |||||
| Other | 199 (16.1%) | 176 (16.4%) | 10 (15.6%) | 13 (13.7%) | |||||
| Intrafix* | 37 (3.0%) | 34 (3.2%) | 3 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Prior tibial tunnel aperture position | 37.31 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Ideal | 749 (60.7%) | 687 (64.0%) | 36 (56.3%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.175 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Ideal position + size, but enlarged tunnels | 72 (5.8%) | 53 (4.9%) | 5 (7.8%) | 14 (14.7%) | 0.320 | <0.001 | 0.269 | ||
| Compromised (position) | 338 (27.4%) | 294 (27.4%) | 23 (35.9%) | 21 (22.1%) | 0.229 | 0.267 | 0.184 | ||
| Compromised (size)* | 35 (2.8%) | 17 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (18.9%) | -- | <0.001 | -- | ||
| Compromised (position + size)* | 27 (2.2%) | 12 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (15.8%) | -- | <0.001 | -- | ||
Key:
Continuous variables are denoted as median (25%, 75% quartiles)
Non-continuous variables are denoted as N (%)
Ns that do not sum to 1234 and percentages that do not sum to 100% reflect missing data.
ACL = anterior cruciate ligament; BTB = bone-patellar tendon-bone
a
Chi-square test of association used to assess significance.
b
Pairwise differences were tested using Z-tests of 2 proportions with Benjamini & Hochberg adjusted p-values. No adjusted pairwise p-values are reported for comparisons using cell size < 5.
*
Rows with cell sizes of 0 and those that contributed to >20% of counts <5 are marked with an asterisk and were excluded from the overall significance test due to violation of assumptions).28 Sensitivity analysis was conducted by leaving these small groups in. Results showed the same pattern of significance.