Table 5.
Surgical Information on the Cohort at the time of rACLR
| Overall | Groups | Overall significance testa | Pairwise comparisonsb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Total (N=1234) n (%) |
No Bone Grafting (n=1075) n (%) |
1-Stage Bone Grafting (n=64) n (%) |
2-Stage Bone Grafting (n=95) n (%) |
χ2 | P value | None vs 1-stage | None vs 2-stage | 1-stage vs 2-stage | |
|
| |||||||||
| Current Graft Type | 38.39 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| allograft (BTB) | 289 (23.4%) | 229 (21.3%) | 28 (43.8%) | 32 (33.7%) | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.199 | ||
| allograft (soft tissue) | 302 (24.5%) | 264 (24.6%) | 12 (18.8%) | 26 (27.4%) | 0.433 | 0.55 | 0.433 | ||
| autograft (BTB) | 324 (26.3%) | 285 (26.5%) | 15 (23.4%) | 24 (25.3%) | 0.793 | 0.793 | 0.793 | ||
| autograft (soft tissue) | 251 (20.4%) | 241 (22.4%) | 4 (6.3%) | 6 (6.3%) | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.987 | ||
| other | 66 (5.4%) | 54 (5.0%) | 5 (7.8%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.495 | 0.495 | 0.917 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Surgical Exposure/Technique | 11.66 | 0.02 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Anteromedial portal | 574 (46.6%) | 515 (48.0%) | 24 (37.5%) | 35 (36.8%) | 0.143 | 0.100 | 0.933 | ||
| Transtibial | 427 (34.6%) | 353 (32.9%) | 31 (48.4%) | 43 (45.3%) | 0.024 | 0.024 | 0.694 | ||
| 2 incision | 220 (17.8%) | 195 (18.2%) | 9 (14.1%) | 16 (16.8%) | 0.731 | 0.731 | 0.731 | ||
| arthrotomy / other* | 6 (0.5%) | 5 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Notchplasty | 1.80 | 0.406 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| no | 284 (23.0%) | 254 (23.6%) | 12 (18.8%) | 18 (18.9%) | |||||
| yes | 948 (76.9%) | 819 (76.3%) | 52 (81.3%) | 77 (81.1%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Femoral tunnel aperture position | 18.99 | 0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| entirely new tunnel | 589 (47.8%) | 506 (47.1%) | 23 (35.9%) | 60 (63.2%) | 0.078 | 0.004 | 0.002 | ||
| optimum position | 344 (27.9%) | 311 (29.0%) | 22 (34.4%) | 11 (11.6%) | 0.362 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| blended new tunnel | 223 (18.1%) | 190 (17.7%) | 16 (25.0%) | 17 (17.9%) | 0.418 | 0.970 | 0.418 | ||
| same tunnel aperture, but compromised position* | 25 (2.0%) | 22 (2.0%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.563 | 0.563 | 0.563 | ||
| added a 2nd tunnel* | 45 (3.6%) | 38 (3.5%) | 1 (1.6%) | 6 (6.3%) | -- | 0.262 | -- | ||
| over-the-top* | 4 (0.3%) | 4 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Femoral fixation | 18.92 | 0.004 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| interference screw | 690 (56.0%) | 582 (54.2%) | 45 (70.3%) | 63 (66.3%) | 0.024 | 0.036 | 0.499 | ||
| suture+button/endobutton | 265 (21.5%) | 248 (23.1%) | 6 (9.4%) | 11 (11.6%) | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.683 | ||
| cross pin | 144 (11.7%) | 130 (12.1%) | 8 (12.5%) | 6 (6.3%) | 0.893 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
| combination | 77 (6.2%) | 64 (6.0%) | 4 (6.3%) | 9 (9.5%) | 0.902 | 0.53 | 0.726 | ||
| other* | 54 (4.4%) | 48 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (6.3%) | -- | 0.414 | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Femoral tunnel bone quality | 48.31 | <0.001 | |||||||
| abnormal | 93 (7.5%) | 62 (5.8%) | 7 (10.9%) | 24 (25.3%) | 0.095 | <0.001 | 0.038 | ||
| normal | 1135 (92.1%) | 1007 (93.8%) | 57 (89.1%) | 71 (74.7%) | 0.095 | <0.001 | 0.038 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Tibial tunnel aperture position | 41.37 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| entirely new tunnel | 199 (16.1%) | 159 (14.8%) | 5 (7.8%) | 35 (36.8%) | 0.121 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| optimum position | 720 (58.4%) | 646 (60.1%) | 41 (64.1%) | 33 (34.7%) | 0.546 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| blended new tunnel | 248 (20.1%) | 212 (19.7%) | 17 (26.6%) | 19 (20.0%) | 0.498 | 0.958 | 0.498 | ||
| added a 2nd tunnel* | 41 (3.3%) | 33 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (8.4%) | -- | 0.021 | -- | ||
| same tunnel aperture, but compromised position* | 23 (1.9%) | 22 (2.0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Tibial fixation | 10.10 | 0.258 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| intrafix | 107 (8.7%) | 97 (9.0%) | 2 (3.1%) | 8 (8.4%) | |||||
| suture + post or button | 65 (5.3%) | 57 (5.3%) | 3 (4.7%) | 5 (5.3%) | |||||
| interference screw | 707 (57.3%) | 616 (57.4%) | 43 (67.2%) | 48 (50.5%) | |||||
| combination | 285 (23.1%) | 247 (23.0%) | 14 (21.9%) | 24 (25.3%) | |||||
| other | 66 (5.4%) | 54 (5.0%) | 2 (3.1%) | 10 (10.5%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Tibial tunnel bone quality | 32.41 | <0.001 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| abnormal | 102 (8.3%) | 71 (6.6%) | 10 (15.6%) | 21 (22.1%) | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.334 | ||
| normal | 1126 (91.3%) | 999 (93.0%) | 53 (82.8%) | 74 (77.9%) | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.334 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Medial meniscus pathology/treatment | 14.95 | 0.021 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal | 679 (55.1%) | 571 (53.2%) | 42 (65.6%) | 66 (69.5%) | 0.078 | 0.007 | 0.61 | ||
| repair | 166 (13.5%) | 151 (14.1%) | 8 (12.5%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.727 | 0.202 | 0.416 | ||
| excision | 336 (27.3%) | 307 (28.6%) | 12 (18.8%) | 17 (17.9%) | 0.133 | 0.077 | 0.891 | ||
| no treatment for tear | 29 (2.4%) | 26 (2.4%) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
| other* | 23 (1.9%) | 19 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (4.2%) | -- | -- | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Lateral meniscus pathology/treatment | 7.33 | 0.119 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal | 789 (64.0%) | 677 (63.0%) | 43 (67.2%) | 69 (72.6%) | |||||
| repair | 63 (5.1%) | 56 (5.2%) | 4 (6.3%) | 3 (3.2%) | |||||
| excision | 316 (25.6%) | 287 (26.7%) | 15 (23.4%) | 14 (14.7%) | |||||
| no treatment for tear* | 58 (4.7%) | 48 (4.5%) | 2 (3.1%) | 8 (8.4%) | |||||
| other* | 7 (0.6%) | 6 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| LFC articular cartilage pathology | 4.34 | 0.362 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 880 (71.4%) | 765 (71.2%) | 45 (70.3%) | 70 (73.7%) | |||||
| grade 2 | 189 (15.3%) | 169 (15.7%) | 6 (9.4%) | 14 (14.7%) | |||||
| grades 3/4 | 164 (13.3%) | 140 (13.0%) | 13 (20.3%) | 11 (11.6%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| MFC articular cartilage pathology | 9.73 | 0.045 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 699 (56.7%) | 624 (58.1%) | 32 (50.0%) | 43 (45.3%) | 0.295 | 0.044 | 0.557 | ||
| grade 2 | 294 (23.8%) | 249 (23.2%) | 14 (21.9%) | 31 (32.6%) | 0.803 | 0.119 | 0.21 | ||
| grades 3/4 | 238 (19.3%) | 199 (18.6%) | 18 (28.1%) | 21 (22.1%) | 0.176 | 0.398 | 0.398 | ||
|
| |||||||||
| LTP articular cartilage pathology | 4.66 | 0.324 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 1018 (82.6%) | 892 (83.1%) | 54 (84.4%) | 72 (75.8%) | |||||
| grade 2 | 162 (13.1%) | 138 (12.8%) | 6 (9.4%) | 18 (18.9%) | |||||
| grades 3/4 | 53 (4.3%) | 44 (4.1%) | 4 (6.3%) | 5 (5.3%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| MTP articular cartilage pathology | 10.63 | 0.031 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 1097 (89.0%) | 966 (89.9%) | 54 (84.4%) | 77 (81.1%) | 0.190 | 0.033 | 0.687 | ||
| grade 2 | 94 (7.6%) | 73 (6.8%) | 9 (14.1%) | 12 (12.6%) | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.814 | ||
| grades 3/4 | 37 (3.0%) | 31 (2.9%) | 1 (1.6%) | 5 (5.3%) | -- | 0.338 | -- | ||
|
| |||||||||
| Patella articular cartilage pathology | 7.03 | 0.134 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 866 (70.2%) | 765 (71.2%) | 45 (70.3%) | 56 (58.9%) | |||||
| grade 2 | 239 (19.4%) | 199 (18.5%) | 14 (21.9%) | 26 (27.4%) | |||||
| grades 3/4 | 128 (10.4%) | 110 (10.2%) | 5 (7.8%) | 13 (13.7%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Trochlea articular cartilage pathology | 3.40 | 0.493 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| normal/grade 1 | 978 (79.3%) | 860 (80.1%) | 47 (73.4%) | 71 (74.7%) | |||||
| grade 2 | 103 (8.4%) | 85 (7.9%) | 8 (12.5%) | 10 (10.5%) | |||||
| grades 3/4 | 152 (12.3%) | 129 (12.0%) | 9 (14.1%) | 14 (14.7%) | |||||
|
| |||||||||
| Biologic Enhancement | 0.17 | 0.919 | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| no | 1116 (90.5%) | 972 (90.5%) | 58 (90.6%) | 86 (90.5%) | |||||
| yes | 112 (9.1%) | 99 (9.2%) | 5 (7.8%) | 8 (8.4%) | |||||
Key: Ns that do not sum to 1234 and percentages that do not sum to 100% reflect missing data.
BTB = bone-patellar tendon-bone; LFC = lateral femoral condyle; LTP = lateral tibial plateau; MFC = medial femoral condyle; MTP = medial tibial plateau.
a
Chi-square test of association used to assess significance.
b
Pairwise differences were tested using Z-tests of 2 proportions with Benjamini & Hochberg adjusted p-values. No adjusted pairwise p-values are reported for comparisons using cell size < 5.
*
Rows with cell sizes of 0 and those that contributed to >20% of counts <5 are marked with an asterisk and were excluded from the overall significance test due to violation of assumptions.28 Sensitivity analysis was conducted by leaving these small groups in. Results showed the same pattern of significance.