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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 May 27;55(4):1060–1081. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27744

TABLE 2.

Clinical Scenarios Where 3D Printing Has Been Deemed Appropriate.2123

Scenario Rating
Congenital heart disease
 Double outlet right ventricle 9
 Double outlet left ventricle 9
 Truncus arteriosis 9
 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection 8
 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 8
 Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries 7
 Double inlet left ventricle 7
 Double inlet right ventricle 7
 Tetralogy of fallot, with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries 7
 Transposition of the great arteries 7
 Unbalanced AV canal 7
Vascular
 Vascular malformations, interventional considerations, slings 8
 Design of patient-specific aortic stents 7
Adult cardiac
 Left atrial appendage occlusion 9
 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9
 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 9
 Transcatheter mitral valve replacement 9
 Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction 7
 Cardiac transplant 7
 Cardiac tumors 7
 Left ventricular assist device 7
 Pulmonary valve repair/replacement 7
 Postinfarct ventricular septal defect 7
 Surgical mitral valve replacement 7
 Tricuspid valve repair/replacement 7
Genitourinary
 Renal cancer 9
 Prostate cancer 8
 Pediatric retroperitoneal genitourinary tumors 7
 Urolithiasis, surgical management 7
Hepatobiliary
 Intrahepatic masses, surgical management 8
Musculoskeletal
 Acetabular fracture (complex) 8
 Bone/soft tissue neoplasm, with joint and neurovascular involvement 8
 Fracture malunion 7
 Scoliosis, secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly 7
Craniomaxillofacial
 Congenital malformations of skull and facial bones (complex) 9
 Dentofacial anomalies including malocclusion (complex) 9
 Malignant neoplasms, bone (complex) 9
 Temporomandibular joint disorders (complex) 9
 Benign neoplasms, bone (complex) 8
 Ear malformations (complex) 8
 Facial fractures (complex) 8
 Malignant neoplasms, soft tissue (complex) 8
 Mandibular fractures (complex) 8
 Other diseases of jaw (complex) 8
 Cleft lip and palate (complex) 7
 Dentofacial anomalies including malocclusion (simple) 7
 Malignant neoplasms, bone (simple) 7
 Osteochondroplasias (complex) 7
 Skull fractures (complex) 7