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The putative causal effect of localized pain on mental disorders. The results from Mendelian randomization analysis using the IVW approach, weighted median approach or MR-Egger approach (when horizontal pleiotropy exists). Circles and horizontal bars represent the odds ratios and confidence intervals of factor with the risk of pain, respectively. CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse-variance weighted approach; MR, mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio
