Table 1.
Aminoglycoside minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in the presence of berberine and berberine analogs (64 μg/mL).
| Strain | Berberine analog | MIC; μg/mLa (fold change)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kan | Gen | Ami | Tob | ||
| PAO1 | - | 64 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| PAO1ΔmexXY | - | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (2) |
| PAO1 | Berberine | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) |
| Ber-Pip [1] | 64 (−) | 1 (−) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-Carb [2] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-Prop [3] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-C3 [5] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-C4 [6] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-C6 [4] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-C8 [7] | 16 (4) | 0.125 (6) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-C10 [8] | 8 (6) | 0.0625 (8) | 0.0125 (6) | 0.0625 (6) | |
| Ber-C12 [9] | 8 (6) | 0.125 (6) | 0.125 (6) | 0.125 (4) | |
| Ber-pAr [10] | 32 (2) | 0.25 (4) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-Biph [11] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-PEG5 [12] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-PEG8 [13] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
a
Determined from checkerboard and time-kill assays. Aminoglycosides: kanamycin (Kan), amikacin (Ami), gentamicin (Gen), and tobramycin (Tob); nd, not determined.
b
fold change relative to wild-type PAO1. (−)no fold change.