Table 1.
Aminoglycoside minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in the presence of berberine and berberine analogs (64 µg/mL)
| Strain | Berberine analog | MIC; µg/mL1 (fold change)2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kan | Gen | Ami | Tob | ||
| PAO1 | - | 64 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| PAO1∆mexXY | - | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (2) |
| Berberine | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-Pip [1] | 64 (−) | 1 (−) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-Carb [2] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-Prop [3] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-C3 [5] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-C4 [6] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| PAO1 | Ber-C6 [4] | 16 (4) | 0.25 (4) | nd | nd |
| Ber-C8 [7] | 16 (4) | 0.125 (8) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-C10 [8] | 8 (8) | 0.0625 (16) | 0.0125 (8) | 0.0625 (8) | |
| Ber-C12 [9] | 8 (8) | 0.125 (8) | 0.125 (8) | 0.125 (4) | |
| Ber-pAr [10] | 32 (2) | 0.25 (4) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-Biph [11] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | nd | nd | |
| Ber-PEG5 [12] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
| Ber-PEG8 [13] | 32 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.5 (2) | 0.25 (2) | |
1
Determined from checkerboard and time-kill assays. Aminoglycosides: kanamycin (Kan), amikacin (Ami), gentamicin (Gen), and tobramycin (Tob); nd, not determined.
2
Fold change relative to wild-type PAO1. (−) no fold change.