. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 7.

Published in final edited form as: Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Dec 8;47(2):89–99. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103247

Table 4.

Exploration of Factors Associated with Procedural Outcome for Therapeutic Procedures

Variable	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)¹	P-Value	Adjusted Odds Ratio, Full Model (95% CI)¹	P-Value	Adjusted Odds Ratio, Revised Model (95% CI)¹	P-Value
Age, years	1.02 (1.00, 1.03)	0.039	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	0.024
Duration of Pain, years	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	0.051	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	0.072
Obesity	0.58 (0.36, 0.92)	0.022	0.62 (0.37, 1.03)	0.066
Smoking	0.41 (0.23, 0.74)	0.003	0.64 (0.33, 1.24)	0.19
Any Daily Opioid Use	0.68 (0.42, 1.12)	0.13	0.75 (0.42, 1.35)	0.34
Athens Insomnia Scale (mean ± SD)	0.93 (0.89, 0.97)	0.002	1.01 (0.95, 1.09)	0.66
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS; mean ± SD)	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	<0.0001	0.96 (0.91, 1.00)	0.077	0.94 (0.91, 0.97)	<0.0001
Nonorganic Signs, number	0.73 (0.59, 0.90)	0.004	0.94 (0.72, 1.22)	0.63
Oswestry Disability Score (mean ± SD)	0.97 (0.96, 0.99)	<0.0001	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.31	0.59 (0.36, 0.96)	0.034
Average Baseline NRS Primary Pain Location Score ²	0.86 (0.76, 0.98)	0.019	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.41

^1.

Odds ratios are reported as likelihood of procedural success with presence (for categorical variables) or each single unit increase (for continuous variables) in the specified variable, with odds ratios greater than 1 being associated with increased likelihood of procedural success.

^2.

Primary location is back for facet and SI injections, leg for ESI.