Table 4.
Other functional neuroimaging studies in CHR and psychosis conversion.
| Author/year | Modality | Study Type | Age Rang (mean) | Case n | Country, other | Abnormalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zeng et al., 2023 [112] | Functional | MA | 23.3 | 318 | na | ↑activation during reward anticipation in med PFC, ACC ↓activation during reward anticipation in putamen, parahipp, cerebell |
| Luna et al. 2022 [58] | Functional | SR/MA | 29.3 | 1441 | na | ↓activation in sup frontal, R inf frontal, R precuneus (n.s.) |
| Lukow et al., 2021 [113] | Functional | SR/MA | na | na | na | normal emotion activation in CHR |
| Dutt et al. 2015 [107] | Functional | QR | na | na (22 studies) | na | Dysfunctional R IPL, L MFG, L STG and R SFG in CHR |
| Karlsgodt et al. 2014 [114] | Functional | SS | 16.9 | 20 | US | age-associated frontal activation with conv. |
| Fusar-Poli, 2012 [52] | Functional | MA | na | na | na | ↓activation in L inf frontal and cluster in med frontal, sup frontal and L ACC |
| Allen et al. 2012 [104] | Functional | SS | 24.2 | 41 | England | ↑activation in PFC, brainstem, and L hippocampus with conv. |
| Choi et al. 2012 [109] | Functional | SS | 21.6 | 21 | South Korea | ↓activation of frontoparietal with task encoding |
| Sabb et al. 2010 [115] | Functional | SS | 16.8 | 40 | US | ↑activity in language-associated regions in CHR ↑activity in STG, L IFG and caudate with conv. |
| Smieskova et al. 2010 [55] | Functional | SR/MA | na | 385* | na | ↓activation of prefrontal |
| Crossley et al. 2009 [108] | Functional | SS | na | 16 | Australia AN |
↑activation of STG w n-back task |
| Modinos et al. 2018 [116] | ASL | SS | 21.8 | 36 | England | ↓correlation between L hipp rCBF and mPFC GABA with conv. |
| Allen et al. 2018 [117] | ASL | SS | 22.6 | 77 | England | ↑rCBF of R hippo and BG in CHR |
| Kindler et al. 2018 [118] | ASL | SS | 19.3 | 29 | Switzerland | ↓ PFC rCBF and ↑striatal rCBF |
| Hubl et al., 2018 [119] | ASL | SS | 19.3 | 29 | Switzerland | ↑striatal CBF w exec functioning deficits |
| Allen et al. 2016 [111] | ASL | SS | 22.4 | 52 | England | ↑rCBF in hippoc, BG and midbrain in CHR ↓ rCBF in hippoc, ventral striatum with improvement |
AN = antipsychotic naïve; ASL = asrterial spin labeling; BG = basal ganglia; CC = corpus callosum; cerebell = cerebellum; CHR = clinical high risk (for psychosis); conv = conversion to psychosis; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; GABA = gamma aminobutyric acid; inf = inferior; MA = meta-analysis; MD = mean diffusivity; na = not available; med = medial; MFG = medial frontal gyrus; mPFC = medial prefrontal cortex; MTL = medial temporal lobe; NAPLS = North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study; n.s. = not significant; parahipp = parahippocampus; PFC = prefrontal cortex; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow; SFG = superior frontal gyrus; SR = systematic review; SS = single study; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; STG = superior temporal gyrus; STS=superior temporal sulcus.