Table 5.
Positron emission tomography (PET) studies in CHR and psychosis conversion.
| Author/year | Modality | Study Type | Age Rang (Mean) | Case n | Country, other | Abnormalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Di Biase et al. 2017 [121] | PET | SS | 20.7 | 10 | Australia | No 11C-(R)-PK11195-binding (microglial activity) abnormality |
| Hafizi et al. 2017 [122] | PET | SS | 21.2 | 22 | Canada | No abnormality in microglial activation using the TSPO radioligand, [18F]FEPPA |
| Bloomfield et al. 2016 [123] | PET | SS | 24.3 | 14 | US | ↑[(11)C]PBR28 binding ratio in gray matter in CHR |
| Kang et al., 2014 [124] | PET | SS | 19 | 11 | South Korea | ↓binding of GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptors in R caudate |
| Egerton et al. 2013 [125] | PET | SS | 22.7 | 26 | England | ↑dopamine synthesis capacity in striatum |
| Allen et al. 2012 [104] | PET | SS | 24.2 | 21 | England | ↓dopaminergic function in brainstem ([18F]-DOPA) with conv. |
| Howes et al. 2011a [126] | PET | SS | 25 | 20 | England | Increasing ([18F]-DOPA) uptake in sensorimotor striatum w conv. |
| Howes et al. 2011b [127] | PET | SS | 23.8 | 30 | England | ↑dopamine synthesis capacity ([18F]-DOPA) in the striatum with conv. |
| Fusar-Poli et al. 2010 [128] | PET | SS | 26.6 | 20 | England | ↑Ki for [(19)F]fluordopa in associative striatum in CHR ↓ task activation in R mid frontal, L superior parietal |
| Howes et al. 2009 [129] | PET | SS | 25.6 | 24 | England | ↑striatal (18)F-dopa uptake |
| van Hooijdonk et al., 2022 [130] | PET/SPECT/NM-MRI | SR | na | na | na | striatal D2/3 receptor availability normal, ↑striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in some CHR |
| Howes et al., 2020 [131] | PET/MRS | SS | 23.0 | 51 | England | Dopamine synthesis capacity did not predict conv., only symptoms |
| Fusar-Poli et al., 2007 [132] | PET/SPECT/MRS | SR/MA | na | na | na | abnormalities in prefrontal, ACC, BG, hippocampus and cerebellum |
ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; AN = antipsychotic naïve; ATR = anterior thalamic radiation; BG = basal ganglia; CC = corpus callosum; conv = conversion to psychosis; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DOPA = dihidryoxyphenylalanine; GABA = gamma aminobutyric acid; MA = meta-analysis; na = not available; MFG = medial frontal gyrus; mPFC = medial prefrontal cortex; MRS = magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MTL = medial temporal lobe; NAA = N-acetyl-aspartate; NAPLS = North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study; n.s. = not significant; NM-MRI = neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging; PET = positron emission tomography; SFG = superior frontal gyrus; SPECT = single photon emission computed tomography; SR = systematic review; SS = single study; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; STG = superior temporal gyrus; STS = superior temporal sulcus; sup = superior; TSPO = translocator protein; w = with.