Table 1.

Participant Information

	Gender	Age	Blindness Onset	Experience with tactile maps
P1	F	70	Late	Very little. Used a couple of times before.
P2	M	58	Birth	A little experience with conferences he attended—sometimes they provided tactile map of convention hotel.
P3	M	68	Undisclosed	Only city maps. Not buildings.
P4	F	63	Birth	Topographic maps of the world but not wayfinding maps. O&M instructor created maps for intersections when she was a teenager.
P5	F	73	Birth	Very little. Maybe a map with the U.S. states.
P6	M	70	Birth	Used maps of a college campus.
P7	F	73	Late	Remembered that years ago, her O&M instructor drew on her hand the entrances of the stores in a mall. She never forgot it.
P8	F	66	Birth	As a child, she used a map of the San Diego Zoo. She also had maps that showed the shape of all U.S. states. Remembered also using a map at a hospital.
P9	M	62	Early	As a child, he had a set of atlases of U.S. states, plus maps of different continents.
P10	M	50	Blind	Quite a bit. Used maps in school. Later, used a map of his city neighborhood and university campus. Has tactile maps of the U.S. and of all continents. Also tested maps produced by TMAP [4].