Table 2.
Key published literature exploring the interaction between disease and host microbiome composition.
| Species | Tissue (s) | Disease | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crayfish (Procambarus clakii) | Gut and hepatopancreas | White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) | Crayfish infected with WSSV displayed decreased intestinal microbiota diversity and richness and relative abundance of an opportunistic pathogen (Aeromonas) increased. The potential pathogenicity in the gut microbiota of WSSV-infected crayfish was increased compared to healthy controls. | Xue et al. (2022) |
| Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) | Hepatopancreas | Vibriosis | Infected and non-infected shrimp obtained from six hatcheries. Alpha diversity was reduced in the hepatopancreas of infected shrimp. Eight bacterial genera were associated with a shift in the microbiome in infected shrimp. | Foysal et al. (2021) |
| Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) | Whole oyster | Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS) | Oysters from resistant or susceptible families infected with POMS. All individuals from susceptible families died, but during early infection, microbiota of the whole oyster showed a reduction in evenness compared to resistant families. | Clerissi et al. (2020) |
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | Gill | Amoebic gill disease (AGD) | The microbiota of AGD-affected and non-affected gill tissue biopsies was compared. Bacterial diversity was significantly reduced in biopsies from both AGD-affected and un-affected gill tissue from infected fish compared to uninfected fish. Lesions in AGD-affected tissue contained higher abundance of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. | Slinger et al. (2020) |
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | Mouth | Tenacibaculosis (Yellow Mouth, YM) | Comparing YM infected fish with uninfected control, a reduction in microbiota diversity and distinct dysbiosis were identified. High levels of the primary causative agent Tenacibaculum maritimum were seen in infected and healthy fish indicating additional unknown factors responsible for pathology of YM. An association between T. maritimum and Vibrio abudance was identified. | Wynne et al. (2020) |
| Red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) | Digestive gland | Withering syndrome (WS) | In red abalone affected by WS, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis replaced Mycoplasma as the dominant taxon in the digestive gland microbiota. C. X. californiensis was also sequenced in healthy specimens, suggesting that the ratio between the two taxa may be more important in determining pathogenicity of WS. | Villasante et al. (2020) |
| Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) | Gut and skin | Gut enteritis | Microbiota and gene expression in gut and skin analyzed in fish affected by gut inflammation. The gut microbiota of affected fish was dominated by a Mycoplasmataceae sp., while a reduction in microbial diversity in the skin was identified at the early stages of disease. Gene expression analysis revealed little differentiation in the gut between healthy and affected fish while extensive differences were identified in the skin, related to pathways indicative of a weakened host. | Legrand et al. (2020a) |
| Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) | Gut | White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) | In shrimp infected with WSSV, there was no significant impact on bacterial richness or diversity. However, community composition was different between infected and non-infected individuals with increased Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, but reduced Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes in infected shrimp. | Wang et al. (2019) |