Fig. 12.

Concept of spatiotemporal-synchronized combination therapy using PMILs. (a) NIR light activation of PMILs within the tumour microvasculature for simultaneous neovascular damage, tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis and liposomal disruption to initiate sustained multikinase inhibition. (b) Schematic of a three-way interactive combination therapy with photodynamic tumour cell and microvasculature damage and inhibition of treatment escape pathways. Figure adapted from Spring et al. (2016) [41].