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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Porphyr Phthalocyanines. 2020 Nov-Dec;24(11n12):1320–1360. doi: 10.1142/s1088424620300098

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

The impact of PDP on modulating multiple compartments in the tumor microenvironment. Firstly, PDP of tumor microvasculature and parenchyma simultaneously improves therapeutic agent accessibility and overcomes chemotherapeutic selection pressures. Secondly, sublethal PDP increases tumor permeability to enhance intratumoral accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents for a prolonged period of time. Thirdly, PDP attenuates the insidious surge of stemness marker expression that is typically observed after multiple cycles of chemotherapy. PDT-mediated immune enhancement discussed above is an example of such a priming process (PDP) where the impact reaches far beyond the cells directly targeted by PDT. Figure adapted from Huang et al. (2018) [42].