Table 1.

Lay abstracts produced by three different artificial intelligence (AI)-based language models.

Example 2 and 3: Iversen et al., 10 Partial Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis.

ChatGPT

The article discusses a study on patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart. This condition is typically treated with intravenous antibiotics for up to 6 weeks, and patients require close monitoring during this time. The study looked at whether oral antibiotics could be a safe and efficient alternative to intravenous treatment for stable patients. The study enrolled 400 patients with endocarditis on the left side of the heart and randomly assigned them to receive either continued intravenous treatment or a shift to oral treatment. The study found that the two treatments had similar efficacy and safety, suggesting that oral antibiotics could be a viable alternative to intravenous treatment for certain patients.

Wiseone

(1) A randomized, noninferiority, multicenter trial was conducted to determine if a partial oral antibiotic treatment for endocarditis was as effective and safe as continued intravenous treatment. The study found that partial oral treatment was noninferior to intravenous treatment in terms of efficacy and safety. (2) Partial oral treatment may offer benefits such as shorter hospital stays, reduced healthcare costs, and improved quality of life for patients. (3) The article describes a randomized, noninferiority, multicenter trial that investigated whether patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart could be treated with oral antibiotics once they were in stable condition, instead of continuing intravenous treatment for up to 6 weeks. The study included 400 adults, and the results showed that partial oral antibiotic treatment was noninferior to intravenous treatment in terms of efficacy and safety. These findings suggest that a shift to oral antibiotics may be a viable option for treating infective endocarditis.

Copilot

The paper is about a study that compared the effectiveness and safety of continuing intravenous antibiotic treatment versus switching to oral antibiotic treatment in stable patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart. The study found that switching to oral antibiotics was not associated with an increased risk of mortality in non-severely ill patients. Therefore, the results suggest that a shift from intravenous to oral antibiotics may be a safe and effective treatment option for stable patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart. (1) It provides evidence that switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics may be a safe and effective treatment option for stable patients with infective endocarditis on the left side of the heart. (2) It helps to reduce the burden of intravenous treatment on patients and healthcare systems. (3) It adds to the existing knowledge about the treatment of infective endocarditis and may inform future clinical practice guidelines.

Example 2: Nørgaard et al., 11 Effect of Treadmill Perturbation-Based Balance Training on Fall Rates in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

ChatGPT

This article reports on a study which investigated the effectiveness of treadmill perturbation-based balance training (PBT) in preventing falls among older adults living in the community. PBT is an exercise modality in which individuals are exposed to external disturbances in a safe environment with the goal of improving their reactive balance control. While previous studies have shown that PBT can produce substantial improvements in reactive balance control, the evidence regarding its effects on daily-life falls is inconsistent. In this study, participants in the PBT group completed four training sessions on a treadmill, while the control group performed regular treadmill walking. The study found that while there was no significant difference in daily-life fall rates between the two groups, the PBT group had significantly lower laboratory fall rates compared to the control group at the post-training assessment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up.

Copilot

The paper found that a 4-session treadmill PBT intervention did not have a significant effect on daily-life fall rates among community-dwelling older adults. However, the study found a significant reduction in laboratory fall rates. The study suggests that an 80-minute PBT intervention may lead to a statistically nonsignificant 22% reduction in daily-life fall rates. These findings may have implications for fall prevention programs for older adults and may help guide the development of future interventions

Wiseone

(1) Treadmill PBT did not significantly reduce daily-life fall rates in community-dwelling older adults, but did result in a significant decrease in falls in the laboratory setting. (2) PBT involves exposure to repeated external disturbances in a safe environment to improve reactive responses after slips and trips. (3) While PBT is considered a promising task-specific exercise modality for fall prevention, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose for retention and generalization of adaptations. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a treadmill PBT intervention compared with regular treadmill walking in reducing daily-life fall rates among community-dwelling older adults. The study involved 140 participants aged 65 years or older who were able to walk without a walking aid. The results showed that the 4-session PBT intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on daily-life fall rates over a 12-month period. However, there was a significant reduction in laboratory fall rates. The study suggests the need for future research to investigate the possible effects of current treadmill PBT on daily-life falls.

Example 3: McInnes et al., 12 Bimekizumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis, naive to biologic treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (BE OPTIMAL).

ChatGPT

Psoriatic arthritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the joints, skin, and nails. Patients usually take conventional drugs to alleviate symptoms, but if they are not effective, biological drugs may be prescribed. Bimekizumab is a new drug that can block interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, which have been linked to the disease. Recent studies found that bimekizumab was effective in treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, with improvements lasting up to three years. The drug has been tested in two clinical trials, which have shown that it is superior to a placebo in treating psoriatic arthritis. Patients who took bimekizumab had a greater proportion of ACR50 and ACR70 responses, indicating significant improvement in joint and skin symptoms. Patients who switched from placebo to bimekizumab also showed improvement in their responses. The drug is considered safe and well-tolerated.

CoPilot

The paper reports the results of a phase 3 clinical trial called BE OPTIMAL, which evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a drug called bimekizumab in treating psoriatic arthritis in patients who had not previously received biologic treatment. The study found that bimekizumab was more effective than placebo in reducing disease activity and improving symptoms, as well as inhibiting radiographic progression. The drug was generally well-tolerated, although Candida infections were commonly reported. The study was sponsored by UCB Pharma and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. The practical implications of this paper are that bimekizumab may be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with psoriatic arthritis who have not previously received biologic therapy. The results of this study suggest that bimekizumab can reduce disease activity, improve symptoms, and inhibit radiographic progression. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of bimekizumab.

Wiseone

(1) Bimekizumab, a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, has shown superior improvements in joint, skin, and radiographic efficacy outcomes at week 16 compared with placebo in patients with psoriatic arthritis who were naive to biologic DMARDs. (2) The safety profile of bimekizumab, including the occurrence of fungal infections, was consistent with previous phase 3 studies in patients with plaque psoriasis, and with IL-17A inhibitors. (3) Bimekizumab could be a potential additional treatment option with long-term, sustained efficacy and a tolerable safety profile for patients with psoriatic arthritis who do not respond to conventional or biologic DMARDs. A study published in The Lancet Rheumatology reports that a drug called bimekizumab has shown significant improvement in joint, skin, and radiographic efficacy outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis who were naive to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Bimekizumab is a monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. The study found that significantly more patients receiving bimekizumab reached 50% or greater improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria at week 16 compared to those receiving a placebo, and the safety profile was consistent with previous phase 3 studies.