Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants by SBP Variability
| Total (N = 8,399) |
Quartiles of SBP CV, % |
P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5.66 (n = 2,100) |
5.66-7.70 (n = 2,101) |
7.71-10.13 (n = 2,099) |
>10.13 (n = 2,099) |
|||
| At baseline | ||||||
| Age, y | 62.6 ± 6.5 | 61.6 ± 6.5 | 62.4 ± 6.4 | 63.0 ± 6.5 | 63.2 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 38.8 | 33.4 | 36.7 | 40.7 | 44.6 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 63.2 | 62.2 | 64.8 | 64.5 | 61.1 | |
| Black | 18.3 | 13.6 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 22.5 | |
| Hispanic | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.7 | |
| Other | 11.6 | 17.43 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 8.7 | |
| Treatment arm, % | 0.576 | |||||
| Intensive glycemic lowering | 49.6 | 49.3 | 50.0 | 48.5 | 50.5 | |
| Standard glycemic lowering | 50.4 | 50.7 | 50.0 | 51.5 | 49.5 | |
| Current smoking, % | 13.8 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 0.015 |
| Alcohol drinking, % | 24.3 | 25.4 | 26.9 | 22.6 | 22.3 | 0.001 |
| Use of BP-lowering drug, % | 83.7 | 79.0 | 82.9 | 84.5 | 88.4 | <0.001 |
| Use of ACEI/ARB, % | 70.1 | 64.8 | 69.2 | 72.0 | 74.2 | <0.001 |
| Use of antiarrhythmics, % | 43.1 | 36.5 | 39.2 | 43.8 | 52.9 | <0.001 |
| Use of thiazolidinediones, % | 22.8 | 21.7 | 25.2 | 22.0 | 22.3 | 0.023 |
| Use of insulin, % | 35.1 | 29.6 | 34.6 | 37.0 | 39.2 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, y | 10.0 (5.0-15.0) | 9.0 (5.0-14.0) | 9.0 (5.0-15.0) | 10.0 (5.0-15.0) | 10.0 (5.0-16.0) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent ASCVD, % | 34.3 | 31.4 | 32.1 | 33.6 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
| Prevalent HF, % | 4.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Over BPV assessment period | ||||||
| Number of BP measurements | <0.001 | |||||
| 5 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 9.7 | |
| 6 | 63.8 | 68.9 | 64.3 | 60.8 | 61.3 | |
| ≥7 | 27.1 | 21.9 | 27.7 | 29.9 | 29.0 | |
| Mean BMI | 32.7 ± 5.5 | 32.1 ± 5.5 | 32.6 ± 5.4 | 32.8 ± 5.6 | 33.1 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Mean total/HDL cholesterol ratio | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 2.3 | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 0.147 |
| Mean eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 81.4 ± 21.1 | 84.1 ± 20.5 | 83.0 ± 21.7 | 80.5 ± 20.6 | 77.8 ± 21.1 | <0.001 |
| Mean hemoglobin A1C, % | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Mean SBP, mm Hg | 128.1 ± 12.5 | 127.0 ± 11.4 | 127.3 ± 11.9 | 128.6 ± 12.8 | 129.7 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Mean DBP, mm Hg | 69.9 ± 8.5 | 70.8 ± 7.9 | 69.8 ± 8.3 | 69.8 ± 8.5 | 69.4 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD, %, or median (IQR).
ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; BPV = blood pressure variability; CV = coefficient of variation; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HF = heart failure; SBP = systolic blood pressure.