Table 2.
Risk Ratios for Incident Atrial Fibrillation by SBP Variability
| Measure of Variability | Quartiles of SBP Variability | P Value for T trend | Per 1-SD Increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP CV, % | <5.66 | 5.66-7.70 | 7.71-10.13 | >10.13 | ||
| No events/no at risk | 28/2,100 | 29/2,101 | 38/2,099 | 60/2,099 | 155/8,399 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.58-1.63) | 1.22 (0.75-2.00) | 2.09 (1.32-3.29)b | 0.001 | 1.33 (1.19-1.49)c |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.62-1.81) | 1.22 (0.72-2.06) | 1.86 (1.14-3.04)a | 0.007 | 1.26 (1.09-1.45)b |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.62-1.81) | 1.22 (0.72-2.06) | 1.85 (1.13-3.03)a | 0.008 | 1.26 (1.09-1.44)b |
| SBP SD, mm Hg | <7.07 | 7.07-9.77 | 9.78-13.13 | >13.13 | ||
| No events/no at risk | 26/2,101 | 40/2,099 | 32/2,101 | 57/2,098 | 155/8,399 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.41 (0.86-2.31) | 1.14 (0.67-1.92) | 2.10 (1.31-3.36)b | 0.005 | 1.24 (1.14-1.35)c |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.55 (0.92-2.61) | 1.11 (0.63-1.93) | 1.88 (1.13-3.12)a | 0.044 | 1.23 (1.11-1.35)c |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.55 (0.92-2.61) | 1.11 (0.63-1.95) | 1.89 (1.13-3.18)a | 0.049 | 1.24 (1.11-1.37)c |
| SBP VIM | <1.69 | 1.69-2.29 | 2.30-3.03 | >3.03 | ||
| No events/no at risk | 29/2,100 | 25/2,100 | 43/2,100 | 58/2,099 | 155/8,399 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.48-1.39) | 1.34 (0.83-2.15) | 1.94 (1.23-3.07)b | 0.001 | 1.34 (1.18-1.51)c |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.89 (0.51-1.54) | 1.32 (0.79-2.19) | 1.75 (1.07-2.84)a | 0.007 | 1.25 (1.08-1.45)b |
| Model 3 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.89 (0.51-1.55) | 1.32 (0.79-2.19) | 1.75 (1.08-2.85)a | 0.007 | 1.25 (1.09-1.44)b |
Values are RR (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, and treatment arm; Model 2 includes model 1 plus cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, mean BMI, mean total/HDL cholesterol ratio, mean eGFR, mean hemoglobin A1C, diabetes duration, antihypertensive medication use, thiazolidinedione use, use of antiarrhythmics (beta-blockers, digoxin, calcium-channel blockers, and other antiarrhythmics), prevalent ASCVD and HF. Model 3 includes model 2 plus mean SBP.
ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI = body mass index; CV = coefficient of variation; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HF = heart failure; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SD = standard deviation; VIM = variability independent of the mean.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.001.