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. 2023 Mar 3;18(10):2167–2172. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.369101

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RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 are involved in the morphogenesis of stereocilia.

(A) At the initiation of stereocilia development, RhoA activates formins. The formin homology domains-2 (FH2) binds to G- and F-actin to participate in actin nucleation. The formin homology domains-1 (FH1) interact with profilin to assist the FH2 domain in recruiting G-actin, hence accelerating the rate of actin nucleation. (B) During stereocilia bundle elongation, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 polymerize G-actin and inhibit F-actin depolymerization, promoting stereocilia extension and maintenance. MLC: Myosin light chain; PAK: p21-activated kinase; ROCK: Rho-related protein kinase.