Table 2.
List of representative plant promoters used for gene expression.
| Promoter | Source | Transgenic plant | Expression pattern | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutive promoters | ||||
| Act2 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | Constitutive | [76] |
| Act-1 | O. sativa | O. sativa | Constitutive | [77] |
| UBQ1 | A. thaliana | N. tabacum | Constitutive | [78] |
| Ubi1, Ubi2 | Panicum virgatum | P. virgatum; O. sativa; N. tabacum | Constitutive | [79] |
| Ubi1 | Zea mays | Z. mays | Constitutive | [80,81] |
| Tissue-specific promoters | ||||
| SlREO | S. lycopersicum | S. lycopersicum | Root | [82] |
| NAC10 | O. sativa | O. sativa | Root | [83] |
| PAT21 | S. tuberosum | S. tuberosum | Tuber | [84] |
| hspr | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | Vascular tissue | [85] |
| Pfn2 | P. virgatum | O. sativa | Vascular tissue | [86] |
| PEPC | Z. mays | Z. mays | Leaf | [87] |
| Lhcb | P. virgatum | O. sativa | Green tissue | [88] |
| TA29 | N. tabacum | N. tabacum | Flower | [89] |
| Lat52 | S. lycopersicum | N. tabacum | Pollen | [90] |
| Zm13 | Z. mays | Tradescantia paludosa; Z. mays | Pollen | [91] |
| Oleosin | A. thaliana | G. max | Seed | [92] |
| Glutenin | T. aestivum | T. aestivum | Seed | [93] |
| D-hordein | T. aestivum | Z. mays | Seed (endosperm) | [94] |
| E8 | S. lycopersicum | S. lycopersicum | Fruit | [95] |
| Abiotic stress-inducible promoters | ||||
| Adh-1 | Z. mays | N. tabacum | Anaerobic conditions | [96] |
| wun1 | S. tuberosum | N. tabacum | Wounding | [97] |
| GBSS | S. tuberosum | S. tuberosum | Sugar | [98] |
| HSP18.2 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | Heat shock | [99] |
| Rd29 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana; N. tabacum; O. sativa | Drought, cold, salt | [100] |
| SR2 | Phaseolus vulgaris | N. tabacum | Heavy metals | [101] |
| CCA1 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | Light cycle | [102] |
| UGT71C5 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana | Light | [103] |
| GSE | O. rufipogon | A. thaliana | Light | [104] |
| Biotic stress-inducible promoters | ||||
| win3.12 | Populus sp. hybrid | S. tuberosum | Fusarium solani | [105] |
| R2329 | O. sativa | O. sativa | Magnaporthe grisea | [106] |
| Bs3 | Capsicum annuum | N. benthamiana | Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria | [107] |
| CaPrx | Coffea arabica | N. tabacum | Meloidogyne incognita | [108] |
| 4×M1.1, 4×M2.3 | G. max | G. max | Heterodera glycines | [107, 109] |
| IFS2 | G. max | G. max | Bradyrhizobium japonicum | [110] |
| SAG12 | A. thaliana | S. lycopersicum | Senescence | [111] |
| SEOF1 | Pisum sativum | N. tabacum | Methyl jasmonate, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) | [112] |
| Em | T. aestivum | O. sativa | ABA | [113] |
| Rd29 | A. thaliana | A. thaliana, N. tabacum | ABA | [114] |
| SAUR15A | G. max | N. tabacum | Auxin | [115] |
| Chn48 | N. tabacum | N. tabacum | Ethylene | [116] |