Table 3.
List of representative plant terminators used for gene expression.
| Terminator | Terminator source | Length (bp) | Effect a | Transformed species | Expression system | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tACT3 | N. benthamiana | 617 | 3.9× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| 1,044 | ~7.5× higher GFP than with tNOS | Lactuca sativa | ||||
| tACT3 –tRb7MAR | N. benthamiana (tACT3); N. tabacum (tRb7; tTM6) | 2,213 | ~8× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| tACT3 –tTM6MAR | 2,243 | ~7× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] | |
| tEU | N. tabacum | 732 | 2.5× higher GFP mRNA and 2.5× higher GFP protein than with tVspB3 (Tobacco etch virus (TEV) promoter) | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [157] |
| 1,900 | ~1.5×higher DsRed than with tNOS;~44× higher DsRed than with tNOS | N. benthamiana;L. sativa | Transient b | [157] | ||
| tEU –tTM6MAR | N. tabacum | 1,931 | ~23× higher GFP than with tNOS;~10× higher DsRed than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| tEU (intronless) | N. tabacum | 480 | ~10× higher GFP than with tNOS | L. sativa | Transient b | [156,158] |
| 11.9× higher GFP than with tVspB3; | N. benthamiana | |||||
| 2.8× higher GFP than with t35S; | ||||||
| ~15× higher DsRed than with tNOS | ||||||
| tEU (intronless) –tACT3 –tRB7MAR | N. tabacum (tEU; tRB7); N. benthamiana (tACT3) | 2,693 | ~56× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| tHSP18 | A. thaliana | 249 | 6.5× or 8.4× higher miraculin protein than with tNOS | S. lycopersicum | Stable c | [159,160] |
| 249 | 4× higher miraculin protein (SlE8 promoter) than with MIR-tNOS | S. lycopersicum | Stable c | |||
| tHSP18 | A. thaliana | N.A. | 1.5× or 2.5× higher GUS or Fluc than with t35S, tOCS or tNOS | A. thaliana; O. sativa | Transient (protoplasts) | [152] |
| 878 | 1.5× higher Rluc or Fluc than with 250 bp tHSP18 | N. benthamiana | Stable c | [161] | ||
| 249 | ~7.5× higher GFP than with tNOS | L. sativa | Transient b | [156] | ||
| 249 | 2.5× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | ||||
| tHSP18 –tEU –tRb7MAR | A. thaliana (tHSP18); N. tabacum (tEU; tRb7) | 1,898 | ~20× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| tHSP18 –tACT3 | N. benthamiana (tHSP18; tACT3); N. tabacum (tTM6; tRb7); S. tuberosum (tPINII) | 1,485 | ~25× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
| tHSP18 –tACT3 –tRb7 | 2,654 | ~50× higher GFP than with tNOS | ||||
| tHSP18 –tPINII –tRb7MAR | 2,580 | ~15× higher GFP than with tNOS | ||||
| tHSP18 –tPINII –tTM6MAR | 2,610 | ~15× higher GFP than with tNOS | ||||
| tHSP18 –tRb7MAR | 1,610 | ~14× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] | |
| tProteinase inhibitor II (tPINII) | S. tuberosum | N.A. | 20× higher HBsAg than with tNOS | S. tuberosum | Stable c | [162] |
| 970 | 8.5× higher GFP than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] | ||
| trbcS | M. domestica | 582 | 11.1× higher GUS than with tNOS (M. domestica rbcS promoter – 1,679 bp) | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [163] |
| Medicago sativa | 400 | ~1.4× higher GUS than with tNOS (Figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter) | M. sativa | Stable c | [164] | |
| Pisum sativum | 684 | 5.4× higher GFP than with tNOS; ~10× higher DsRed than with tNOS | N. benthamiana | Transient b | [156] |
a The 35S promoter was used except when specified.
b Transient, leaf agroinfiltration.
c Stable, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.