TABLE 1. Prevalence of individual adverse childhood experience types among adults, by jurisdiction — Behavioral Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2011–2020.
| Jurisdiction* | Survey year | Survey response rate, % | Total no., unweighted | ACE category, weighted % (95% CI) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional† | Physical | Sexual§ | Witnessed intimate partner violence | Household substance use¶ | Household mental illness | Parental separation or divorce† | Incarcerated household member | ||||
| Alabama |
2020 |
42.4 |
4,281
|
30.9 (29.1–32.7) |
19.5 (17.8–21.1) |
13.6 (12.3–15.0) |
18.6 (17.0–20.1) |
28.2 (26.4–30.0) |
18.3 (16.7–19.8) |
33.8 (31.9–35.7) |
10.7 (9.3–12.0) |
| Alaska |
2015 |
54.2 |
3,062
|
42.2 (39.3–45.1) |
19.4 (17.0–21.9) |
16.1 (14.1–18.2) |
19.5 (17.1–22.0) |
32.6 (29.8–35.4) |
22.8 (20.2–25.5) |
30.2 (27.5–33.0) |
10.2 (8.4–12.1) |
| Arizona |
2020 |
50.0 |
7,682
|
35.3 (33.8–36.9) |
26.3 (24.9–27.8) |
13.8 (12.7–14.9) |
17.0 (15.7–18.2) |
27.9 (26.4–29.3) |
17.4 (16.1–18.7) |
31.9 (30.4–33.5) |
10.0 (8.9–11.0) |
| Arkansas |
2018 |
55.6 |
4,231
|
31.9 (29.7–34.2) |
17.5 (15.7–19.4) |
14.3 (12.7–16.0) |
19.1 (17.1–21.0) |
26.4 (24.3–28.6) |
20.4 (18.3–22.5) |
35.7 (33.4–38.0) |
10.1 (8.5–11.8) |
| California |
2020 |
38.7 |
1,485
|
38.4 (35.2–41.6) |
30.7 (27.6–33.8) |
13.7 (11.5–16.0) |
20.6 (17.9–23.3) |
26.8 (23.9–29.8) |
16.2 (13.8–18.6) |
28.3 (25.4–31.2) |
9.3 (7.1–11.4) |
| Colorado |
2014 |
57.0 |
3,553
|
34.2 (32.1–36.3) |
18.0 (16.2–19.7) |
10.4 (9.1–11.7) |
16.4 (14.7–18.0) |
27.8 (25.9–29.8) |
17.1 (15.5–18.7) |
28.9 (26.9–31.0) |
6.0 (4.9–7.2) |
| Connecticut |
2017 |
37.1 |
8,121
|
32.5 (31.0–34.0) |
15.5 (14.4–16.7) |
9.1 (8.2–9.9) |
13.5 (12.4–14.6) |
26.0 (24.6–27.4) |
15.1 (14.0–16.3) |
23.8 (22.4–25.2) |
6.5 (5.7–7.4) |
| Delaware |
2019 |
38.2 |
2,937
|
35.5 (33.0–38.0) |
29.2 (26.8–31.5) |
12.0 (10.4–13.7) |
18.0 (15.9–20.1) |
27.7 (25.2–30.2) |
17.2 (15.0–19.3) |
27.4 (25.0–29.8) |
8.5 (6.8–10.2) |
| District of Columbia |
2020 |
45.1 |
2,563
|
36.2 (33.6–38.7) |
21.0 (18.9–23.1) |
12.7 (10.9–14.6) |
14.4 (12.6–16.3) |
21.8 (19.7–23.9) |
18.2 (16.1–20.2) |
33.2 (30.6–35.8) |
9.4 (7.6–11.2) |
| Florida |
2020 |
40.1 |
7,928
|
30.3 (28.0–32.7) |
23.5 (21.4–25.5) |
13.0 (11.2–14.7) |
16.6 (14.8–18.4) |
26.3 (24.0–28.5) |
13.2 (11.7–14.7) |
33.0 (30.5–35.5) |
9.4 (7.8–11.0) |
| Georgia |
2020 |
39.1 |
6,595
|
32.3 (30.4–34.2) |
22.2 (20.4–23.9) |
13.2 (11.8–14.5) |
16.7 (15.2–18.1) |
24.9 (23.2–26.7) |
15.1 (13.6–16.5) |
32.4 (30.5–34.3) |
9.9 (8.6–11.3) |
| Hawaii |
2020 |
42.0 |
6,627
|
34.0 (32.5–35.6) |
25.5 (24.1–26.9) |
10.8 (9.8–11.7) |
17.5 (16.3–18.7) |
23.5 (22.1–24.8) |
13.4 (12.4–14.5) |
26.3 (24.9–27.8) |
9.4 (8.4–10.4) |
| Idaho |
2020 |
51.0 |
4,725
|
36.9 (34.9–38.9) |
22.9 (21.2–24.7) |
13.5 (12.1–14.9) |
15.5 (13.9–17.0) |
28.5 (26.6–30.4) |
20.9 (19.2–22.6) |
30.0 (28.0–31.9) |
11.7 (10.3–13.1) |
| Illinois |
2017 |
30.6 |
4,322
|
33.8 (32.0–35.7) |
16.6 (15.1–18.1) |
10.8 (9.6–12.1) |
16.9 (15.4–18.3) |
26.6 (24.8–28.3) |
16.1 (14.6–17.6) |
24.0 (22.3–25.7) |
7.5 (6.4–8.7) |
| Indiana |
2019 |
46.2 |
6,998
|
35.8 (34.3–37.3) |
25.2 (23.9–26.5) |
14.1 (13.0–15.2) |
17.9 (16.7–19.1) |
26.9 (25.5–28.3) |
19.9 (18.6–21.2) |
30.2 (28.8–31.7) |
9.6 (8.6–10.6) |
| Iowa |
2020 |
55.5 |
7,700
|
34.9 (33.6–36.2) |
21.2 (20.1–22.3) |
11.9 (11.0–12.9) |
16.0 (14.9–17.0) |
25.0 (23.8–26.2) |
19.4 (18.3–20.6) |
25.0 (23.8–26.2) |
7.8 (7.0–8.6) |
| Kansas |
2020 |
57.8 |
4,267
|
35.9 (34.1–37.8) |
22.8 (21.2–24.5) |
13.5 (12.2–14.8) |
16.4 (15.0–17.9) |
27.1 (25.3–28.8) |
21.8 (20.1–23.4) |
29.3 (27.5–31.1) |
8.3 (7.1–9.4) |
| Kentucky |
2020 |
43.3 |
3,101
|
32.3 (30.2–34.4) |
21.0 (19.2–22.8) |
14.3 (12.8–15.8) |
17.4 (15.7–19.1) |
29.5 (27.5–31.6) |
22.1 (20.2–24.0) |
31.3 (29.2–33.4) |
12.6 (11.1–14.2) |
| Louisiana |
2016 |
30.7 |
4,106
|
30.7 (28.4–33.0) |
14.6 (12.7–16.4) |
12.0 (10.4–13.5) |
20.4 (18.4–22.4) |
28.0 (25.8–30.2) |
17.0 (15.1–18.8) |
34.2 (31.8–36.7) |
10.6 (9.0–12.3) |
| Maine |
2011 |
54.7 |
3,555
|
35.6 (33.2–38.0) |
17.5 (15.7–19.4) |
14.2 (12.5–15.9) |
14.8 (13.1–16.6) |
33.9 (31.5–36.2) |
20.4 (18.2–22.6) |
25.3 (23.0–27.6) |
7.3 (5.7–8.9) |
| Maryland |
2020 |
45.8 |
3,678
|
30.2 (28.1–32.4) |
22.0 (20.1–24.0) |
11.0 (9.6–12.4) |
15.3 (13.7–17.0) |
22.9 (21.0–24.9) |
15.3 (13.6–17.0) |
28.6 (26.4–30.7) |
6.9 (5.7–8.1) |
| Massachusetts |
2020 |
48.8 |
2,452
|
34.0 (31.5–36.5) |
23.3 (21.0–25.5) |
10.5 (8.9–12.0) |
15.1 (13.1–17.1) |
26.0 (23.7–28.3) |
18.5 (16.5–20.5) |
25.5 (23.2–27.8) |
6.8 (5.3–8.2) |
| Michigan |
2019 |
51.5 |
8,900
|
37.9 (36.5–39.3) |
25.5 (24.3–26.8) |
14.3 (13.3–15.3) |
17.8 (16.7–18.9) |
30.6 (29.3–31.9) |
20.9 (19.7–22.1) |
29.6 (28.3–30.9) |
9.8 (8.8–10.8) |
| Minnesota |
2011 |
51.9 |
9,004
|
33.8 (32.1–35.6) |
15.2 (13.8–16.5) |
9.5 (8.4–10.6) |
14.2 (12.9–15.5) |
26.7 (25.0–28.3) |
15.3 (13.9–16.6) |
19.2 (17.7–20.8) |
6.5 (5.4–7.7) |
| Mississippi |
2020 |
67.2 |
5,673
|
23.3 (21.7–24.9) |
12.5 (11.3–13.6) |
11.2 (10.0–12.3) |
15.0 (13.8–16.3) |
25.5 (23.9–27.0) |
15.5 (14.1–16.9) |
33.5 (31.8–35.3) |
10.5 (9.3–11.7) |
| Missouri |
2020 |
57.8 |
7,672
|
34.2 (32.7–35.6) |
20.9 (19.7–22.2) |
13.2 (12.2–14.2) |
16.5 (15.4–17.7) |
29.4 (28.1–30.8) |
23.2 (21.9–24.5) |
31.6 (30.2–33.0) |
11.3 (10.3–12.3) |
| Montana |
2020 |
50.4 |
5,311
|
38.9 (37.2–40.5) |
24.6 (23.1–26.1) |
14.2 (13.1–15.4) |
18.1 (16.7–19.4) |
34.3 (32.7–35.9) |
24.6 (23.1–26.1) |
31.1 (29.5–32.7) |
10.6 (9.5–11.8) |
| Nebraska |
2011 |
60.9 |
9,288
|
33.7 (31.8–35.6) |
15.0 (13.6–16.5) |
9.0 (8.0–10.1) |
13.7 (12.4–15.1) |
24.7 (23.0–26.5) |
15.0 (13.5–16.5) |
19.1 (17.4–20.8) |
6.0 (4.8–7.1) |
| Nevada |
2020 |
47.9 |
1,659
|
38.5 (35.2–41.8) |
28.0 (24.9–31.0) |
15.0 (12.6–17.4) |
22.0 (19.0–25.1) |
32.7 (29.5–35.9) |
17.9 (15.4–20.3) |
35.2 (31.9–38.4) |
10.4 (8.2–12.6) |
| New Hampshire |
2016 |
42.2 |
5,515
|
Not asked |
14.9 (13.6–16.3) |
11.0 (9.8–12.1) |
18.0 (16.5–19.6) |
29.6 (27.7–31.4) |
19.1 (17.4–20.7) |
Not asked |
5.6 (4.5–6.6) |
| New Jersey |
2020 |
34.5 |
2,733
|
33.4 (31.0–35.7) |
24.9 (22.8–27.1) |
8.6 (7.2–10.0) |
14.8 (13.0–16.6) |
19.7 (17.9–21.5) |
13.4 (11.8–15.1) |
21.7 (19.8–23.7) |
5.2 (4.1–6.3) |
| New Mexico |
2019 |
52.2 |
4,951
|
36.0 (34.1–37.9) |
28.7 (26.9–30.6) |
16.7 (15.2–18.2) |
20.0 (18.3–21.6) |
31.9 (30.1–33.8) |
20.8 (19.1–22.4) |
29.5 (27.6–31.4) |
8.8 (7.6–10) |
| New York |
2019 |
37.3 |
3,571
|
31.2 (29.1–33.4) |
24.9 (22.9–26.9) |
11.1 (9.6–12.6) |
14.9 (13.3–16.6) |
20.3 (18.4–22.1) |
14.9 (13.1–16.6) |
24.6 (22.6–26.7) |
4.8 (3.7–5.9) |
| North Carolina |
2014 |
37.5 |
2,913
|
28.1 (25.6–30.5) |
13.5 (11.7–15.4) |
11.9 (10.1–13.7) |
16.5 (14.6–18.5) |
27.4 (25.0–29.8) |
15.2 (13.1–17.3) |
29.7 (27.1–32.3) |
7.0 (5.6–8.4) |
| North Dakota |
2020 |
55.6 |
3,790
|
34.0 (31.8–36.2) |
20.7 (18.8–22.6) |
11.1 (9.6–12.7) |
13.5 (11.9–15.1) |
27.9 (25.8–30.0) |
18.2 (16.3–20.1) |
23.0 (21.0–25.1) |
8.1 (6.7–9.5) |
| Ohio |
2019 |
46.4 |
7,366
|
38.2 (36.4–40.1) |
24.8 (23.1–26.4) |
12.9 (11.7–14.2) |
17.3 (15.9–18.8) |
27.6 (25.9–29.2) |
20.3 (18.7–21.9) |
31.6 (29.8–33.5) |
10.9 (9.5–12.3) |
| Oklahoma |
2020 |
52.4 |
2,029
|
30.0 (27.4–32.7) |
19.4 (17.2–21.5) |
12.8 (11.0–14.7) |
17.2 (15.1–19.4) |
28.2 (25.6–30.7) |
19.8 (17.6–22.0) |
34.2 (31.5–37.0) |
10.7 (8.8–12.6) |
| Oregon |
2018 |
39.8 |
2,969
|
40.0 (34.6–45.4) |
22.2 (18.2–26.2) |
18.0 (16.0–20.0) |
19.4 (15.8–23.0) |
32.3 (28.7–36.0) |
23.9 (20.3–27.4) |
32.7 (25.0–40.5) |
10.0 (6.3–13.7) |
| Pennsylvania |
2019 |
46.6 |
5,219
|
36.0 (34.3–37.7) |
25.5 (23.9–27.0) |
11.8 (10.7–12.9) |
16.7 (15.4–18.1) |
28.0 (26.4–29.6) |
19.2 (17.8–20.6) |
26.8 (25.2–28.4) |
9.7 (8.6–10.8) |
| Rhode Island |
2020 |
39.1 |
4,235
|
34.1 (31.9–36.3) |
24.0 (22.0–25.9) |
10.1 (8.8–11.3) |
15.3 (13.7–17.0) |
25.6 (23.6–27.6) |
18.9 (17.0–20.8) |
29.5 (27.3–31.6) |
6.6 (5.3–7.9) |
| South Carolina |
2020 |
47.9 |
2,987
|
31.3 (29.1–33.4) |
21.3 (19.5–23.2) |
14.8 (13.1–16.4) |
15.2 (13.6–16.8) |
29.3 (27.2–31.5) |
19.0 (17.1–20.8) |
30.6 (28.4–32.8) |
10.3 (8.8–11.7) |
| South Dakota |
2020 |
61.2 |
5,584
|
34.2 (31.3–37.1) |
20.4 (18.0–22.7) |
10.5 (8.7–12.3) |
12.2 (10.4–14.1) |
25.5 (22.8–28.1) |
16.2 (13.8–18.7) |
25.9 (23.1–28.7) |
7.7 (6.0–9.4) |
| Tennessee |
2019 |
42.0 |
4,508
|
34.5 (32.5–36.5) |
23.9 (22.1–25.7) |
15.8 (14.2–17.3) |
18.9 (17.2–20.5) |
31.4 (29.4–33.4) |
20.5 (18.8–22.2) |
34.1 (32.0–36.1) |
10.7 (9.2–12.2) |
| Texas |
2020 |
40.6 |
7,603
|
30.9 (28.8–33.0) |
26.5 (24.5–28.6) |
12.3 (10.9–13.7) |
17.8 (16.0–19.5) |
23.7 (21.7–25.6) |
13.8 (12.3–15.3) |
28.4 (26.4–30.4) |
7.9 (6.8–9.1) |
| Utah |
2020 |
55.4 |
9,155
|
42.3 (40.9–43.6) |
27.6 (26.4–28.8) |
15.5 (14.5–16.5) |
17.1 (16.1–18.2) |
25.3 (24.1–26.5) |
28.1 (26.9–29.3) |
24.0 (22.8–25.2) |
9.1 (8.3–9.9) |
| Vermont |
2011 |
49.9 |
5,960
|
33.0 (31.2–34.8) |
14.7 (13.4–16.1) |
10.4 (9.3–11.5) |
14.4 (13.1–15.7) |
28.1 (26.3–29.8) |
17.2 (15.7–18.7) |
23.1 (21.4–24.8) |
5.6 (4.4–6.8) |
| Virginia |
2020 |
41.5 |
7,167
|
32.6 (31.0–34.2) |
21.9 (20.6–23.3) |
11.0 (10.0–12.0) |
15.5 (14.3–16.7) |
23.3 (21.9–24.7) |
15.7 (14.5–17.0) |
27.7 (26.2–29.2) |
8.1 (7.1–9.1) |
| Washington |
2011 |
44.3 |
12,798
|
40.1 (38.6–41.5) |
19.9 (18.7–21.1) |
14.7 (13.7–15.7) |
19.5 (18.3–20.7) |
31.2 (29.9–32.6) |
20.5 (19.3–21.7) |
28.2 (26.8–29.5) |
8.0 (7.0–8.9) |
| West Virginia |
2019 |
49.6 |
4,523
|
29.9 (28.1–31.7) |
20.1 (18.5–21.8) |
13.1 (11.8–14.5) |
17.8 (16.3–19.4) |
27.1 (25.3–28.9) |
19.4 (17.7–21.1) |
26.9 (25.0–28.7) |
9.0 (7.7–10.4) |
| Wisconsin |
2020 |
53.8 |
3,951
|
38.1 (36.0–40.3) |
25.6 (23.7–27.6) |
12.3 (10.9–13.8) |
16.6 (14.9–18.3) |
27.2 (25.3–29.2) |
18.0 (16.2–19.8) |
23.9 (21.9–25.9) |
7.6 (6.3–8.9) |
| Wyoming | 2020 | 55.9 | 3,879 | 36.5 (34.2–38.8) | 24.9 (22.8–27.0) | 11.8 (10.3–13.4) | 17.2 (15.3–19.1) | 29.5 (27.3–31.7) | 20.1 (18.1–22.2) | 30.9 (28.7–33.2) | 11.2 (9.4–13.0) |
Abbreviation: ACE = adverse childhood experience.
* For jurisdictions that included ACE questions in >1 year, the most recent year was included.
† New Hampshire did not include these questions on its survey.
§ Arkansas collapsed three sexual abuse questions into a single question; New Hampshire omitted two of the three sexual abuse questions. Arkansas’ sexual abuse question was worded, “How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult ever touch you sexually, try to make you touch them sexually, or force you to have sex?” New Hampshire only included one of the three sexual abuse questions, “How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult ever touch you sexually?”
¶ The Arkansas questionnaire combined household drug abuse and alcohol abuse questions into a single household substance abuse question, “Did you live with anyone who was a problem drinker or alcoholic, or who used illegal street drugs or abused prescription medications?”