Table 1.

Properties of approved therapies and therapies in clinical trials on Lp(a) plasma levels

Name	Drug type	Drug target	Route of administration	Dosing frequency	Phase	Effect on Lp(a) levels
Statins	Competitive inhibitor	HMGCR	Oral	Daily	Approved	+10 to 20% (varying by type of statin) [19]
Ezetimibe	Cholesterol absorption inhibitor	NPC1L1	Oral	Daily	Approved	No effect [20]
Lipid apheresis	Apheresis	NA	NA	Weekly	Approved in USA	–63% postapheresis [26]
PCSK9i antibodies	Monoclonal antibody	PCSK9	Subcutaneous	Every 2 weeks	Approved	–27% [21,22]
Inclisiran	Small interfering RNA	PCSK9	Subcutaneous	Twice yearly	Approved	–19% to –26% [35]
Pelacarsen	GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide	LPA mRNA	Subcutaneous	Once monthly	Phase 3	–80% [29▪▪]
Olpasiran	GalNAc-conjugated siRNA	LPA mRNA	Subcutaneous	Every 3 months	Phase 2	Up to –90% [31▪]

GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme reductase; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); NPC1L1, Niemann-Pick-like protein 1C1; PCSK9i, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibiting; siRNA, small interfering RNA.