Table 3.
Laboratory findings of inpatients with COVID-19 with any central nervous system (CNS) symptoms
| Median (range) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N=1248) | ICU-Admitted (N=387) | Not ICU-Admitted (N=861) | ||||||||||
| Characteristic [N of Available/Checked data in total] | Without CNS symptoms (N=727) | With CNS symptoms (N=521) | Wilcoxon test Z score | P a | Without CNS symptoms (N=199) | With CNS symptoms (N=188) | Wilcoxon test Z score | P a | Without CNS symptoms (N=528) | With CNS symptoms (N=333) | Wilcoxon test Z score | P a |
| Count, ×109/l | ||||||||||||
| White blood cell [1220] | 6.6 (1.3–69.7) | 6.5 (0.9–29.2) | −0.03 | 0.489 | 7.3 (1.8–31.3) | 7.6 (1–29.2) | 1.14 | 0.128 | 6.4 (1.3–69.7) | 6.2 (0.9–23.3) | −1.63 | 0.051 |
| Neutrophil [1190] | 4.8 (0.6–83.8) | 5 (0.3–75.4) | −0.14 | 0.443 | 5.8 (0.6–28.5) | 6.02 (0.3–26.7) | 0.88 | 0.189 | 4.6 (0.7–83.8) | 4.2 (0.3–75.4) | −1.85 | 0.032 |
| Lymphocyte [1189] | 0.9 (0–63.4) | 0.9 (0.1–199) | −0.96 | 0.167 | 0.7 (0.1–4.4) | 0.8 (0.1–199) | 0.62 | 0.267 | 1 (0–63.4) | 1 (0.1–17.8) | −0.88 | 0.190 |
| Platelet [1215] | 210 (0.6–755) | 191 (6.4–737) | −3.21 | 0.0007 | 186.5 (46–755) | 196.5 (25–685) | 0.25 | 0.400 | 217 (0.6–660) | 190 (6.4–737) | −3.90 | <0.0001 |
| ESR, mm/h [93] | 61 (2–6455) | 73 (4–120) | 1.40 | 0.081 | 74.5 (2–111) | 85 (4–120) | −1.28 | 0.099 | 56.5 (6–120) | 51 (7–112) | 0.28 | 0.390 |
| CRP, mg/l [797] | 82.6 (0.5–2200) | 78.1 (0.07–400) | −1.20 | 0.115 | 142.5 (1.2–400) | 130.3 (2.4–400) | −0.47 | 0.318 | 62 (0.5–2200) | 45.7 (0.07–400) | −2.51 | 0.006 |
| D-dimer, mg/l [659] | 1.31 (0.13–5000) | 1.32 (0.19–5000) | −0.85 | 0.197 | 1.40 (0.23–5000) | 1.6 (0.19–5000) | 0.19 | 0.426 | 1.3 (0.13–5000) | 1.10 (0.19–5000) | −1.50 | 0.067 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl [118] | 470 (2–6455) | 524 (157–813) | 1.22 | 0.112 | 480 (2–4980) | 530 (157–813) | −0.71 | 0.238 | 465 (216–6455) | 502 (280–779) | 0.67 | 0.250 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml [564] | 354.5 (2–7500) | 397.3 (0.31–7470) | 1.67 | 0.048 | 487 (2–4980) | 490.6 (33–7470) | 0.82 | 0.206 | 296 (2–7500) | 309.2 (0.31–5529) | 0.41 | 0.341 |
| LDH, U/L [465] | 303.5 (1.13–4521) | 285 (3.7–4706) | 0.53 | 0.298 | 343 (7.6–4521) | 426 (106–4706) | 1.76 | 0.039 | 278.5 (1.13–1644) | 254 (3.7–960) | −1.73 | 0.042 |
| CK, U/L [292] | 97 (2–60 000) | 166 (11–60 000) | 3.19 | 0.0007 | 156.5 (14–60 000) | 285 (19–7977) | −1.72 | 0.043 | 71 (2–1213) | 100 (11–60 000) | 1.68 | 0.047 |
| Aminotransferase, U/L | ||||||||||||
| Alanine (ALT) [1075] | 23 (1–2090) | 25 (3–397) | 0.70 | 0.240 | 24 (3–2090) | 26 (4–397) | 1.66 | 0.051 | 23 (1–1276) | 24 (3–264) | −0.55 | 0.293 |
| Aspartate (AST) [1076] | 32 (8–10 750) | 35 (3–2640) | 1.39 | 0.083 | 37.5 (11–10 750) | 42 (8–2640) | 1.61 | 0.054 | 31 (8–1193) | 31 (3–292) | −0.21 | 0.417 |
| BUN, mg/dl [1204] | 18 (0.59–155) | 23 (0.9–171) | 5.76 | <0.0001 | 23 (1–137) | 26 (0.9–141) | 2.35 | 0.009 | 16 (0.59–155) | 21 (3–171) | 4.75 | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl [1211] | 0.94 (0.28–52) | 1.07 (0.2–35) | 3.75 | <0.0001 | 1.01 (0.32–15.9) | 1.22 (0.2–18) | 2.11 | 0.017 | 0.92 (0.28–52) | 1 (0.34–35) | 2.51 | 0.006 |
| PT, s [635] | 10.9 (8.9–96.5) | 11 (1.43–79) | 1.52 | 0.064 | 10.9 (9.3–44.8) | 11.1 (9.3–79) | −0.78 | 0.217 | 10.8 (8.9–96.5) | 10.9 (1.43–53.1) | 1.10 | 0.135 |
| PTT, s [384] | 32.3 (0.9–139) | 32.8 (10.3–150) | 1.07 | 0.142 | 33.3 (22.8–139) | 35.6 (20.7–150) | −1.27 | 0.103 | 31.3 (0.9–139) | 31.3 (10.3–112.6) | 0.21 | 0.415 |
| INR [637] | 1 (0.37–38.4) | 1 (0.46–8) | 0.92 | 0.178 | 1 (0.9–4.3) | 1.1 (0.46–8) | −1.22 | 0.112 | 1 (0.37–38.4) | 1 (0.9–5.4) | −0.02 | 0.493 |
a
P values indicate differences between inpatients with COVID-19 without versus with CNS symptoms, and P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant using the Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test.
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatine kinase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; INR, International normalized ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time.
Bold values signify statistical significance.