Table 1.
Demographic and comorbid characteristics of patients with TAAAD
| Characteristic | White (N = 2520) | Black/African American (N = 848) | Hispanic (N = 310) | API (N = 146) | Other (N = 128) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 876 (35) | 290 (34) | 82 (26) | 58 (40) | 50 (39) | .02 |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 64 (54-73) | 54 (45-62) | 55 (45-65) | 63 (53-72) | 57 (49.5-68.5) | <.0001 |
| Insurance status, n (%) | <.0001 | |||||
| Medicare | 1208 (48) | 222 (26) | 82 (26) | 52 (36) | 42 (33) | |
| Medicaid | 282 (11) | 208 (25) | 70 (23) | 30 (21) | 32 (25) | |
| Private insurance | 860 (34) | 308 (37) | 108 (35) | 54 (37) | 40 (32) | |
| Self-pay | 96 (4) | 66 (8) | 34 (11) | 8 (5) | 10 (8) | |
| No charge | 6 (0.2) | 12 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 58 (2) | 26 (3) | 14 (5) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | |
| Median household income, percentile, n (%) | <.0001 | |||||
| 0-25 | 522 (21) | 450 (54) | 94 (32) | 14 (10) | 34 (27) | |
| 26-50 | 582 (24) | 154 (19) | 64 (22) | 32 (23) | 28 (22) | |
| 51-75 | 684 (28) | 120 (15) | 82 (28) | 22 (15) | 20 (16) | |
| 75-100 | 676 (27) | 102 (12) | 56 (19) | 74 (52) | 44 (35) | |
| Patient location, n (%) | <.0001 | |||||
| “Central” metro counties ≥1 million people | 562 (23) | 390 (47) | 160 (54) | 72 (51) | 72 (57) | |
| “Fringe” metro counties ≤1 million people | 680 (27) | 158 (19) | 62 (21) | 28 (20) | 38 (30) | |
| Metro counties with 250,000-999,999 people | 560 (22) | 162 (19) | 58 (19) | 30 (21) | 8 (6) | |
| Metro counties with 50,000-249,999 people | 258 (10) | 54 (6) | 6 (2) | 6 (4) | 2 (2) | |
| Micropolitan counties | 262 (11) | 28 (3) | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (3) | |
| Non-metro/micropolitan counties | 172 (7) | 44 (5) | 8 (3) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | |
| Hospital region, n (%) | <.0001 | |||||
| Northeast | 546 (22) | 102 (12) | 52 (17) | 10 (7) | 48 (38) | |
| Midwest | 602 (24) | 214 (25) | 12 (4) | 20 (14) | 14 (11) | |
| South | 762 (30) | 438 (52) | 130 (42) | 12 (8) | 32 (25) | |
| West | 610 (24) | 94 (11) | 116 (37) | 104 (71) | 34 (27) | |
| Hospital division, n (%) | <.0001 | |||||
| New England | 166 (7) | 20 (2) | 12 (4) | 2 (1) | 4 (3) | |
| Middle Atlantic | 380 (15) | 82 (10) | 40 (13) | 8 (5) | 44 (34) | |
| East North Central | 404 (16) | 182 (21) | 6 (2) | 10 (7) | 12 (9) | |
| West North Central | 198 (8) | 32 (4) | 6 (2) | 10 (7) | 2 (2) | |
| South Atlantic | 432 (17) | 268 (32) | 72 (23) | 8 (5) | 16 (13) | |
| East South Central | 154 (6) | 76 (9) | 6 (2) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| West South Central | 176 (7) | 94 (11) | 52 (17) | 2 (1) | 16 (13) | |
| Mountain | 188 (7) | 22 (3) | 16 (5) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | |
| Pacific | 422 (17) | 72 (8) | 100 (32) | 100 (68) | 32 (25) | |
| Hospital size, n (%) | .42 | |||||
| Small | 142 (6) | 46 (5) | 16 (5) | 10 (7) | 8 (6) | |
| Medium | 452 (18) | 130 (15) | 56 (18) | 18 (12) | 16 (13) | |
| Large | 1926 (76) | 672 (79) | 238 (77) | 118 (81) | 104 (81) | |
| Hospital teaching status, n (%) | .0003 | |||||
| Rural | 26 (1) | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Urban nonteaching | 196 (9) | 28 (4) | 22 (8) | 14 (11) | 6 (5) | |
| Urban teaching | 2012 (90) | 722 (96) | 250 (91) | 118 (89) | 108 (95) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1982 (79) | 784 (92) | 274 (88) | 122 (84) | 110 (86) | <.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 48 (2) | 24 (3) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .02 |
| Chronic ischemic heart disease | 610 (24) | 150 (18) | 52 (17) | 28 (19) | 26 (20) | .0002 |
| Cardiac inflammation | 14 (1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | .19 |
| History of transient ischemic attack/cerebral infarction | 110 (4) | 26 (3) | 22 (7) | 4 (3) | 10 (8) | .009 |
| History of circulatory disease | 80 (3) | 22 (3) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .005 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 232 (9) | 50 (6) | 24 (8) | 10 (7) | 12 (9) | .04 |
| Presence of cardiac pacemaker | 52 (2) | 8 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | .05 |
| Preoperative shock | 576 (23) | 166 (20) | 78 (25) | 26 (18) | 24 (19) | .09 |
| Aortic aneurysm | 274 (11) | 68 (8) | 24 (8) | 16 (11) | 28 (22) | <.0001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 336 (13) | 108 (13) | 16 (5) | 14 (10) | 18 (14) | .001 |
| Diabetes | 188 (7) | 106 (13) | 36 (12) | 10 (7) | 4 (3) | <.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 346 (13.7) | 280 (33) | 70 (22.6) | 26 (17.8) | 18 (14.1) | <.0001 |
| Obesity | 278 (11) | 150 (18) | 50 (16) | 6 (4) | 12 (9) | <.0001 |
| Noncompliance | 4 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | .35 |
| Marfan disease | 48 (1.9) | 12 (1.4) | 8 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.6) | .31 |
API, Asian and Pacific Islander; IQR, interquartile range; TAAAD, type A acute aortic dissection.