Fig. 5. Partial r² for PGS_EUR, PGS_dual, and PGS_min on four traits in UK Biobank for five minority-ancestry groups.

The single-ancestry scores were estimated using a standard, unweighted LASSO. The dual-ancestry scores were constructed using an importance weighted LASSO with various degrees of reweighting γ. Error bars correspond to the range across five cross-validation rounds of training set construction and PGS estimation. The four traits considered are height, MCV, asthma, and erythrocyte distribution width. We used inferred genetic ancestry labels from Pan-UKBB, with participants divided into six groups: European ancestry (EUR), African ancestry (AFR), Admixed American ancestry (AMR), Central/South Asian ancestry (CSA), East Asian ancestry (EAS), and Middle Eastern ancestry (MID).