Table E1.

Validated bleeding severity scale

Grade	Visual presentation	Anatomic appearance	Qualitative description	Visually estimated rate of blood loss (mL/min)
0	No bleeding	No bleeding	No bleeding	≤1.0
1	Ooze or intermittent flow	Capillary-like bleeding	Mild	>1.0-5.0
2	Continuous flow	Venule and arteriolar-like bleeding	Moderate	>5.0-10.0
3	Controllable spurting or overwhelming flow	Noncentral venous- and arterial-like bleeding	Severe	>10.0-50.0
4	Unidentified or inaccessible spurting or gush	Central arterial- or venous-like bleeding	Life threatening∗	>50.0

Scale designed and validated for use in clinical studies to generate labeling claims. Likert-type scale, in which user assigns grade based on overall agreement of items listed.

^∗Systemic resuscitation required (eg, volume expanders, vasopressors, or blood products).