Table 2.
The selected examples of NP characterization concerning their size and concentration in biological and environmental samples
| Analytical technique | Type of analytes | Matrix | Type of measurand | LODsize | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP-ICP-MS |
Ionic Ce CeO2 NPS |
Animal tissue | Particle number concentration and size distribution | 15 nm | [45] |
| SP-ICP-MS | SeNPs | Yeast | Particle number concentration and size distribution | 18 nm | [51] |
| SP-ICP-MS | Polydisperse TiO2 NPS (47Ti and 48Ti) | Food | Particle size distribution |
47Ti 67–85 nm 48Ti 28–36 nm |
[53] |
|
SP-ICP-MS FFF-ICP-MS |
AgNPs as nanospheres and nanoplates forms | Directly after formation | Particle size distribution to monitor particle transformation | - | [54] |
| SP-ICP-TOF-MS | Nb and TiNb carbonitride (CN) NPs | Micro-alloyed steel | Particle number concentration, size distribution, presence of agglomerates, multi-elements analysis |
NbCNNPs—28 nm TiNbCNNPs—45 nm |
[55] |
| SP-ICP-MS | Hepatitis B virus DNA labeled AuNP | Human serum | Frequency signals appeared after agglomeration of AuNPs | - | [64] |
| IEC-SP-ICP-MS | ZnO NPs | River water and rainwater | Particle number concentration and size distribution | 14.3 nm in river water and 17.7 nm in a rainwater | [67] |
| Dispersive suspended microextraction followed by oxidative dissolution back-extraction and AAS | Ag in AgNPs | Bottled water, river water, effluent wastewater | Selective extraction of AgNPs and total concentration of AgNPs | - | [70] |
| Solid sampling high-resolution continuum source electrothermal AAS | ZnO NPs, Zn2+, and total Zn | Cosmetics | Speciation analysis | - | [71] |