Table 3.
The examples of spectrometric techniques for NP elemental/isotopic composition determination
| Analytical technique | Purpose of the analysis | Analytes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| SP-MIP-OES | Elemental composition | ZnO, MgO, In2O3, Fe3O4, SnO2, and SiO2 NPs | [74] |
| SeNPs and SeNPs-HSA conjugate | [75] | ||
| SP-ICP-MS | Dual-mass measurements on individual particles | AgNP and AuNP | [79] |
| SP-ICP-MS | Estimation the core and shell thickness of bimetallic nanoparticles | Ag-Au NPs | [82] |
| MC-ICP-MS | Isotopic signatures | Hg in HgSeNPs | [83] |
| MC-ICP-MS | Isotopic composition | Iridium-osmium NPs | [85] |
| MC-ICP-MS | Isotopic composition | AgNPs | [86] |
| SP-ICP-TOF-MS | Classification of engineered, incidental and natural NPs based on elemental composition | Ce-NPs | [89] |
| SP-ICP-TOF-MS | Classification of engineered, and natural NPs based on elemental composition | Ce-NPs | [90] |
| SP-ICP-TOF-MS | Composition, size distribution, and concentration | BiVO4, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3, and steel (which contains Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo) NPs | [91] |