Table 3. Coefficients From Multilevel Models Estimating the Differences in the Percentages of Clinicians With Various Outcomes (Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Intent to Leave) in Hospitals at the 75th vs 25th Percentiles of Resources, Management, and Patient Safety.

Measure	Clinician outcomes
	Physician coefficients, % (95% CIs)			Nurse coefficients, % (95% CIs)
	Burnout	Job dissatisfaction	Intent to leave	Burnout	Job dissatisfaction	Intent to leave
Not enough nurses to care for patients (physician IQR, 16.8%-36.8%; nurse IQR, 40.6%-67.9%)	3.5 (0.2 to 7.1)a	4.8 (2.0 to 8.0)b	6.9 (4.1 to 9.9)b	11.5 (9.0 to 14.0)b	12.7 (10.3 to 15.3)b	16.2 (13.2 to 19.1)b
Control over workload is poor/marginal (physician IQR, 23.5%-40.6%; nurse IQR, 29.7%-42.2%)	10.1 (6.7 to 13.6)b	7.1 (3.2 to 11.5)b	8.9 (4.9 to 13.3)b	9.4 (7.3 to 11.6)b	10.8 (8.9 to 12.7)b	13.7 (11.3 to 16.2)b
Not confident that management will resolve problems (physician IQR, 33.3%-51.7%; nurse IQR, 40.2%-53.9%)	6.5 (3.3 to 9.8)b	6.6 (3.6 to 10.0)b	6.1 (2.8 to 9.6)b	9.3 (7.2 to 11.2)b	10.5 (8.6 to 12.3)b	11.7 (9.0 to 14.3)b
Work environment is poor/fair (physician IQR, 13.5%-26.4%; nurse IQR, 24.8%-40.8%)	6.7 (3.5 to 10.0)b	9.7 (7.6 to 12.2)b	10.7 (8.1 to 13.3)b	11.2 (9.3 to 13.1)b	12.2 (10.7 to 13.6)b	14.7 (12.3 to 17.2)b
Culture of patient safety average of 6 itemsc (physician IQR, 18.6%-23.6%; nurse IQR, 19.5%-25.8%)	2.4 (−0.5 to 5.5)d	5.9 (3.3 to 8.9)b	5.4 (2.5 to 8.5)b	9.8 (6.9 to 12.7)b	11.5 (8.5 to 14.8)b	12.8 (9.1 to 16.6)b

^a P = .04

^b P < .001.

^c The 6 items in the summated culture of patient safety measure include (1) disagree patient safety is a priority, (2) agree that mistakes are held against staff, (3) agree that important information is lost during shift changes, (4) disagree that they feel free to question authority, (5) disagree that feedback about changes are put into place based on event reports, and (6) disagree that they discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again.

^d P = .11