Table 1. Maternal, Pregnancy, and Infant Characteristics at Baseline.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 500) | Not included in biomarker analysis (n = 320) | Included in biomarker analysis (n = 180) | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Race and ethnicitya | |||
| African American or Black | 66 (13) | 43 (13) | 23 (13) |
| Asian | 33 (7) | 25 (8) | 8 (4) |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 122 (24) | 73 (23) | 49 (27) |
| White | 356 (71) | 226 (71) | 130 (72) |
| Multiple, other, or unknownb | 45 (9) | 26 (8) | 19 (11) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 29.64 (6.35) | 29.32 (6.06) | 30.23 (6.80) |
| Education, high school or less | 185 (37) | 112 (35) | 73 (41) |
| Parity of 1, including trial infant | 286 (57) | 183 (57) | 103 (57) |
| Pregnancy and delivery complications | |||
| Maternal chorioamnionitis or fever | 65 (13) | 37 (12) | 28 (16) |
| Preeclampsia or eclampsia | 45 (9) | 32 (10) | 13 (7) |
| Gestational diabetes | 58 (12) | 34 (11) | 24 (13) |
| Obesity: body mass index >30c | 89 (18) | 58 (18) | 31 (17) |
| Sentinel event | |||
| Anyd | 143 (29) | 85 (27) | 58 (32) |
| Shoulder dystocia | 32 (6) | 19 (6) | 13 (7) |
| Placental abruption | 71 (14) | 47 (15) | 24 (13) |
| Prolapsed cord | 23 (5) | 11 (3) | 12 (7) |
| Uterine rupture | 24 (5) | 13 (4) | 11 (6) |
| Cesarean delivery | 329 (66) | 205 (64) | 124 (69) |
| Outborn delivery | 415 (83) | 264 (82) | 151 (84) |
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 225 (45) | 142 (44) | 83 (46) |
| Male | 275 (55) | 178 (56) | 97 (54) |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 3372 (594) | 3380 (569) | 3359 (636) |
| Gestational age, mean (SD), wk | 39.1 (1.5) | 39.1 (1.5) | 39.1 (1.5) |
| 5-min Apgar, median (IQR) | 3.00 (2.00-5.00) | 3.00 (2.00-5.00) | 3.00 (2.00-5.00) |
| 10-min Apgar, median (IQR) | 5.00 (3.00-7.00) | 5.00 (3.00-7.00) | 5.00 (3.00-6.25) |
| Continued resuscitation at 10 mine | 460 (92) | 297 (93) | 163 (91) |
| Lowest pH, mean (SD)f | 6.93 (0.17) | 6.92 (0.17) | 6.94 (0.18) |
| Worst base deficit, mean (SD)f | −18.32 (6.17) | −18.63 (6.15) | −17.78 (6.18) |
| Severe encephalopathyg | 113 (23) | 65 (20) | 48 (27) |
| Erythropoietin treatment | 257 (51) | 161 (50) | 96 (53) |
a
Race and ethnic group were reported by the mother or father.
b
Other race includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and American Indian or Alaska Native.
c
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
d
A sentinel event was defined as shoulder dystocia, placental abruption, prolapsed cord, or uterine rupture.
e
Ongoing resuscitation with chest compressions, mechanical ventilation, or both was warranted at 10 minutes of age.
f
Shown is the lowest pH or worst base deficit among cord arterial, cord venous, and arterial blood gas samples obtained before 60 minutes of age.
g
Severe encephalopathy was defined according to Sarnat criteria (eTable 1 in Supplement 2).