Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Included and Not Included in the Study Cohort
| Characteristics | Included (n = 2 238) | Not Included (n = 2 175) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 77.7 ± 4.4 | 79.5 ± 5.6 | <.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 885 (39.5) | 807 (37.1) | .102 |
| Black race, n (%) | 333 (14.9) | 405 (18.6) | .001 |
| High school education or more, n (%) | 1 130 (50.6) | 846 (39.1) | <.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.7 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 5.1 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.3 ± 12.7 | 98.6 ± 14.2 | <.001 |
| Physical activity score, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| None/little | 479 (21.6) | 721 (41.7) | |
| Moderate | 1 138 (51.4) | 777 (44.9) | |
| Strenuous | 597 (27.0) | 231 (13.4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | .035 | ||
| Never | 1 069 (48.5) | 875 (46.9) | |
| Former | 957 (43.4) | 795 (42.6) | |
| Current | 180 (8.2) | 196 (10.5) | |
| > 7 alcoholic drinks per week, n (%) | 270 (12.1) | 116 (6.1) | <.001 |
| Estrogen replacement (women), n (%) | 259 (19.2) | 259 (19.2) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 136.8 ± 20.3 | 137.2 ± 21.3 | .574 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 1 138 (50.9) | 1 309 (67.9) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus*, n (%) | 69 (3.1) | 549 (44.2) | <.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 129.0 ± 32.5 | 126.7 ± 33.7 | .037 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 54.3 ± 14.5 | 52.9 ± 14.6 | .001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 137.6 ± 75.9 | 151.8 ± 96.9 | <.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 236 (10.6) | 210 (10.9) | .763 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.83 ± 0.3 | 3.83 ± 0.3 | .899 |
| Prevalent CHD, n (%) | 418 (18.7) | 747 (34.3) | <.001 |
| Prevalent stroke, n (%) | 102 (4.6) | 256 (11.8) | <.001 |
| Prevalent atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 75 (3.4) | 106 (7.5) | <.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 72.3 ± 18.3 | 66.8 ± 21.27 | <.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 1.5 ± 1.6 | <.001 |
Notes: CHD = coronary heart disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.
*Defined as a fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or use of hypoglycemic medication up to and including the 1996–1997 examination.