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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Immunol. 2023 Apr 7;8(82):eade8162. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade8162

Figure 6. CD38+Tfr cells provide germinal center B cell help, while CD38−Tfr cells are elite suppressors.

Figure 6.

(A) Frequencies of PMA/ionomycin-activated T-subsets expressing IL10 are shown for a representative donor (left) and all available donors (n=5, right). (B) Day 4 Tresp cell proliferation with and without indicated T cell “suppressor” (sup) subsets from a representative donor (left) and all available donors (n=7, right) (C) Frequencies of PMA/ionomycin-activated T-subsets expressing IL21 are shown for a representative donor (left) and all available donors (n=5, right). *, P<0.05; by One-Way ANOVA. Day 7 IgG and IgA supernatant concentrations from GC B cells (D) co-cultured with either Tfh cells, CD38+ or CD38−Tfr cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads (n=5) or (E) cultured alone with megaCD40L, recombinant IL21 and/or recombinant IL10 treatment (n=7). *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA.