Table 1.
General characteristics of the included population
| Men (n = 639) | Women (n = 703) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.98 ± 0.19 | 71.61 ± 0.23 | 0.034 |
| Height (cm) | 165.27 ± 0.27 | 151.26 ± 0.25 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.70 ± 0.53 | 55.82 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 23.26 ± 0.16 | 24.33 ± 0.15 | < 0.001 |
| Nutrient intake | |||
| Total kcal | 1967.69 ± 37.18 | 1459.13 ± 21.77 | < 0.001 |
| Protein intake (g) | 66.52 ± 1.57 | 46.53 ± 1.01 | < 0.001 |
| BMD | |||
| Total femur BMD | 0.90 ± 0.006 | 0.72 ± 0.005 | < 0.001 |
| Femoral neck BMD | 0.72 ± 0.006 | 0.57 ± 0.004 | < 0.001 |
| Lumbar spine BMD | 0.94 ± 0.008 | 0.74 ± 0.006 | < 0.001 |
| Total Femur BMD(T-score) | -0.32 ± 0.047 | -1.13 ± 0.041 | < 0.001 |
| Lumbar spine BMD(T-score) | -0.73 ± 0.064 | -2.32 ± 0.049 | < 0.001 |
| Femoral neck BMD (T-score) | -1.03 ± 0.047 | -2.18 ± 0.037 | < 0.001 |
| SMI (kg/m2)a | 7.27 ± 0.04 | 6.02 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 |
| Group | < 0.001 | ||
| Neither OP nor SP | 395 (63.4%) | 292 (39.7%) | |
| OP | 15 (2.1%) | 314 (47.0%) | |
| SP | 187 (27.5%) | 28 (3.3%) | |
| OS | 42 (7.0%) | 69 (9.9%) |
Weighted means and standard errors were used for continuous data, while frequencies with weighted percentages were used for categorical data. BMI, Body mass index; BMD, Bone mineral density; ASM, Appendicular skeletal muscle; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; OP, Osteoporosis; SP, Sarcopenia; OS, Osteosarcopenia
aSMI was calculated by dividing appendicular skeletal muscle by the square of height