Table 3.
Associations between symptoms recorded in the assessment of mental state at the time of examination and active psychotic state in cases of violent crime, stratified by schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, n = 191, risk ratios (RR) estimated by generalized linear mixed model
| Time of examination | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | Other psychotic disordersc | ||||||
| Symptoms | Active psychotic statea | RRb 95%CI |
Active psychotic state | RR 95% CI |
|||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||
| P1 Delusions | Present | 60 (88.2) | 8 (11.8) | 2.02** | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | 18.4*** |
| Not/no infod | 14 (43.8) | 18 (56.3) | [1.35–3.01] | 2 (3.3) | 58 (96.7) | [4.40–76.7] | |
| P2 Conceptual disorganization | Present | 49 (87.5) | 7 (12.5) | 1.54** | 9 (64.3) | 5 (35.7) | 4.13*** |
| Not/no info | 25 (56.8) | 19 (43.2) | [1.19–1.99] | 12 (15.6) | 65 (84.4) | [2.19–7.77] | |
| P3 Hallucina-tory behavior | Present | 47 (90.4) | 5 (9.6) | 1.61*** | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | 4.98*** |
| Not/no info | 27 (55.2) | 21 (43.8) | [1.25–2.07] | 13 (16.0) | 68 (84.0) | [2.87–8.65] | |
| Psychotic symptomse | Present | 55 (88.7) | 7 (11.3) | 1.77** | 14 (66.7) | 7 (33.3) | 6.67*** |
| Not/no info | 19 (50.0) | 19 (50.0) | [1.28–2.46] | 7 (10.0) | 63 (90.0) | [2.81–15.8] | |
| Impaired level of functione | Present | 44 (84.6) | 8 (15.4) | 1.35* | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | 1.40 |
| Not/no info | 30 (62.5) | 18 (37.5) | [1.05–1.75] | 14 (20.9) | 53 (79.1) | [0.61–3.20] | |
aThis refers to the conclusion of whether the defendant had an active psychotic state of illness (equivalent to legal insanity) at the time of the mental examination (MSE). bRR = Risk ratio. cAll other diagnoses from F2 and F3-chapters, including SIPD, see Table 1. dThis category includes symptoms recorded as absent, and symptoms not mentioned. eThese are general terms used by the forensic experts in their description of the defendants’ mental state
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001