Table 2.
Results of the MANOVA analysis for the functional variables (i.e., Fmax, ROM, and VELOCITY), the VAS-PAIN, and the PENN Shoulder Score. Post-hoc comparisons show the significant main effect of time (T0 vs. T1) for both control (CTRL) and PlayBall (PG) group. Significantly different from PRE (T0): * (p < 0.05); ** (p < 0.01); *** (p < 0.001)
| CTRL | PG | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE (T0) | POST (T1) | PRE (T0) | POST (T1) | |
| Fmax (kg) | 15.16 ± 6.71 | 18.85 ± 9.16 * | 12.20 ± 5.94 | 15.35 ± 10.67 * |
| ROM (deg) | 309.30 ± 62.65 | 325.36 ± 70.20 | 286.38 ± 57.29 | 283.97 ± 60.47 |
| VELOCITY (deg/s) | 42.83 ± 26.44 | 47.48 ± 24.50 | 39.05 ± 20.14 | 40.69 ± 14.84 |
| VAS-PAIN | 4.30 ± 2.52 | 2.70 ± 2.02 ** | 4.04 ± 2.19 | 3.17 ± 2.49 ** |
| PENN shoulder score | 54.70 ± 14.55 | 67.29 ± 16.41 *** | 54.30 ± 12.64 | 63.84 ± 13.96 *** |