TABLE 2.
Univariate and Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Physical QOL
| Univariate | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Beta (95% CI) | p | Beta (95% CI) | p |
| Age | 0.11 (−0.04–0.27) | 0.2 | ||
| Baseline BMI | −0.56 (−0.85– −0.28) | < 0.001 | −0.2 (−0.55–0.25) | 0.471 |
| Dominant arm affected | −3.5 (−6.8– −0.09) | 0.044 | −4.5 (−8.7– −0.24) | 0.038 |
| Race | < 0.001 | 0.419 | ||
| White | — | — | ||
| Asian | −4.3 (−9.6–0.95) | −4.9 (−11.7–1.9) | ||
| Black | −9.4 (−14– −5.0) | −1.8 (−7.7–4.0) | ||
| Hispanic | −15 (−23– −7.5) | −9.2 (−21.2–2.8) | ||
| Other/unknown | −8.7 (−19–1.6) | −4.4 (−15.6–6.7) | ||
| Clinical T stage | 0.5 | |||
| 1 | — | |||
| 2 | 0.76 (−3.7–5.2) | |||
| 3 | −1.1 (−6.7–4.4) | |||
| 4 | −3.6 (−9.3–2.1) | |||
| Unknown | −4.8 (−19–9.9) | |||
| Clinical N stage | < 0.001 | 0.210 | ||
| 0 | — | — | ||
| 1 | −9.3 (−13– −5.6) | −4.3 (−11.0–2.5) | ||
| 2 | −11 (−22–0.30) | −3.2 (−22.0–15.7) | ||
| 3 | −18 (−24– −12) | −12.9 (−24.9– −1.0) | ||
| Histology | 0.041 | 0.467 | ||
| Ductal | — | — | ||
| Lobular or mixed | 6.0 (1.1–11) | 1.5 (−3.84–6.8) | ||
| Other | 5.9 (−7.5–19) | 2.6 (−7.8–13.0) | ||
| Subtype | 0.001 | 0.175 | ||
| HR+/HER2– | — | — | ||
| HER2+ | −7.9 (−12– −3.7) | −4.5 (−10.2–1.2) | ||
| HR–/HER2– | −2.5 (−7.7–2.8) | 2.8 (−4.3–9.9) | ||
| Type of surgery | 0.007 | 0.934 | ||
| Breast−conserving surgery | — | — | ||
| Mastectomy | 5.4 (1.5–9.3) | −0.2 (−5.7–5.2) | ||
| Reconstruction | 0.049 | |||
| No reconstruction | — | |||
| Flap | 6.0 (0.06–12) | |||
| Tissue expander | 4.9 (0.64–9.2) | |||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | −7.7 (−11– −4.2) | < 0.001 | −0.1 (−6.5–6.3) | 0.979 |
| No. lymph nodes removed | −0.09 (−0.31–0.13) | 0.4 | ||
| No. positive lymph nodes | −0.08 (−0.35–0.20) | 0.6 | ||
| Relative volume change | −0.37 (−0.65– −0.09) | 0.011 | −0.2 (−0.5–0.2) | 0.427 |
| Baseline physical QOL | 0.75 (0.62–0.87) | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.4–0.8) | < 0.001* |
| Change in BMI | −0.06 (−0.64–0.52) | 0.8 | ||
| Radiotherapy | −8.3 (−15– −1.5) | 0.017 | 4.8 (−4.2–13.7) | 0.297 |
| Nodal radiotherapy | −7.8 (−14– −1.2) | 0.02 | −8.2 (−16.3− −0.1) | 0.047 |
| Referral to lymphedema therapy | −10.0 (−13– −6.6) | < 0.001 | −5.8 (−10.0− −1.6) | 0.006* |
| Time | 0.100 | |||
| 6 months | — | |||
| 12 months | 3.3 (−0.8–7.5) | |||
| 18 months | 2.7 (−2.2–7.6) | |||
| 24 months | 6.3 (1.1–11.0) | |||
*
Statistically significant p−value < 0.0167 as calculated using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons
QOL quality of life, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, HR hormone receptor